薄壳机匣开孔补强的应力集中分析

发动机机匣上安装凸台结构，可简化为机匣壳体开孔后用围壁和加强板组合补强的力学模型。文中从弹性力学的基本公式出发，采用上述简化模型，得到了壳体孔边应力分析的计算公式，并编制了计算程序，进行了实例计算，获得了发动机机匣各种安装凸台的应力集中系数。本文的研究成果对合理地确定机匣安装凸台的几何形状和尺寸具有参考价值。     

A point-wise least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations,using TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 observations

The Caspian Sea has displayed considerable fluctuations in its water level during the past century. Knowledge of such fluctuation is vital for understanding the local hydrological cycles, climate of the region, and construction activities within the sea and along its shorelines. This study established a point-wise satellite altimetry approach to monitor the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea using a complete dataset of TOPEX/Poseidon for the period 1993 to the middle of 2002, and its follow-on Jason-1 for the period 2002 to August 2009. Therefore, 280 virtual time-series were constructed to monitor the fluctuations. The least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) method is, then employed to find the most significant frequencies of the time-series, while the statistical method of principle component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the dominant variability of level variations. The study also used the observations of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 over the Volga River along with 5 years of Volga’s water discharge to study its influence on the Caspian Sea level changes. The LSSA results indicate that the lunar semidiurnal (M2) and the Sun semidiurnal (S2) frequencies are the main tidal frequencies of the Caspian Sea with the mean amplitude of 4.2 and 2.8 cm, respectively. A statistically significant long-term frequency (12.5-years period) is also found from altimetry and tide gauge observations. A phase lag, related to the inter-annual frequencies of the Volga River was detected from the point-wise time-series showing level propagation from the northwest to the southeast of the sea. The cross-correlation between the power spectrum of Volga and that of the northern-most, middle, and southern-most points within the Caspian Sea were respectively 0.63, 0.51 and 0.4 of zero-lag correlation, corroborating the influence of the Volga River. The result of PCA also shows that different parts of the Caspian Sea exhibit different amplitudes of level variations, indicating that the point-wise approach, when employing all available satellite measurements could be a suitable method for a preliminary monitoring of this inland water resource as it gives accurate local fluctuations.     

Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

民机机翼千斤顶顶升装置分析

千斤顶顶升情况是民用飞机在进行维修、更换零部件时必须考虑的一个状态。对民机顶升的相关适航条款进行了理解;对B737及A320的机翼顶升装置进行了总结对比,通过传力分析,比较了其优缺点。两种机型的传力方式稍有不同：B737机翼顶升载荷的垂直分量由加强肋承担主要传递到前梁,水平分量通过挤压由下壁板承担;A320机翼顶升载荷...     

振动时效在消除铸铝合金框架变形中的应用

铸铝合金异型件在加工过程中的变形问题广泛存在,而残余应力是引起变形的关键因素。本文从框架类产品的设计结构入手,分析残余应力与产品变形间的关系,结合振动时效工艺机理,重点详述了利用振动时效消除铸铝合金框架类产品变形工艺。试验表明,振动时效可显著消除铸铝合金框架件变形。     

基于光纤陀螺的保偏光纤热致双折射

针对光纤陀螺在温度变化条件下的性能恶化问题,理论上分析了保偏光纤的热致双折射引起的偏振耦合是局限光纤陀螺精度的主要因素.采用有限元法计算光纤线圈在不同温度下的应力分布,并根据高低温不同的应力状态分别推导了双折射的变化情况.在光纤陀螺工作温度范围内,选取6个典型温度点计算光纤环上热应力和消光比的变化,结果显示,干扰双折射随温度变化的减小而减小,并将理论计算结果用测试消光比的试验验证.研究表明,双涂敷层光纤、胶粘剂、陀螺金属骨架材料的热力学性能的差异,导致光纤线圈在不同温度下折射率改变.在60℃时,光纤折射率差约为1×10^-4,与光纤本征折射率差5.5×10^-4达到同一个量级,这将严重影响光纤保偏性能及陀螺精度.     

旋转盘应力水平与温度分布的关联分析

基于有限元的热-弹性耦合算法,在等冷气耗量条件下,对旋转轮盘内应力水平与其表面温度分布的关联性进行了数值研究.在转速为 000 r/min,内、外缘温度分别为00℃和50℃条件下,盘面温度沿半径方向采用不同的"V"形变化时,得到了盘内等效应力水平随盘面温度分布变化的规律.计算结果表明:采用"V"形变化的盘面温度分布可以有效地降低盘内应力水平,说明了盘内应力水平与盘表面的温度分布存在着较强的关联性,在保证航空发动机整体气动性能的前提下,通过控制涡轮盘表面温度分布来有效降低轮盘的应力水平是可行的.      

微波暗室反射率电平对微波场强校准的影响

论述了微波暗室静区反射率电平的测量方法和微波场强校准原理,分析了反射率电平对标准场法微波场强校准的影响。     

硅微加速度计系统设计技术

本文探讨了硅微加速度计的系统设计方法,采用专用MEMS设计软件建立了“三明治”式硅微加速度计自顶向下的系统模型,该模型对于硅微加速度计的系统设计和优化具有指导意义。通过优化改进设计,目前硅微加速度计零位重复性已达到2×10-4g（3个月,1σ）,正在开展探月二期工程的应用研究。     

Research on the Plane Multiple Cracks Stress Intensity Factors Based on Stochastic Finite Element Method

Taylor stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is applied to analyze the uncertainty of plane multiple cracks stress intensity factors (SIFs) considering the uncertainties of material properties, crack length, and load. The stochastic finite element model of plane multiple cracks are presented. In this model, crack tips are meshed with six-node triangular quarter-point elements; and other area is meshed with six-node triangular elements. The partial derivatives of displacement and stiffness matrix with respect to all the random variables obtained by Taylor SFEM are derived. Meanwhile, the mean and variance expressions of SIF under uncertain factors are also derived. Parallel double-crack illustrative example of using the proposed method is given. The calculation results indicate that the uncertainty of SIF is influenced by the distance of the cracks, the smaller the distance of cracks is, the greater the SIF uncertainty is, and the uncertainties of material elastic modulus, load and crack length markedly affect the uncertainty of SIF; and the Poisson ratio of material has little influence. Among the variables, the elastic modulus has the greatest effect on SIF uncertainty. The next is external load. The crack length has lower effect on SIF uncertainty than both the elastic modulus and external load.