空间天文望远镜主动制冷焦面结构设计、分析与热实验

对某天文卫星的可见光望远镜载荷CCD焦面工作温度需求进行了分析计算。为满足CCD焦面 -65℃ 的工作温度需求,设计了主动制冷焦面结构。采用有限元方法分析了工作温度下热电制冷器和导热胶产生的热应力,结果表明热电制冷器最大应力为14Mpa,导热胶最大剪切应力为1.2Mpa,均处于许用安全应力内。研制的焦面组件模拟件顺利通过了真空热试验,验证了焦面组件的制冷性能与安全性。     

贴壁浇注装药两种应力释放结构对比分析

基于线性粘弹性本构模型,对应力释放槽和衬垫结构两种用于贴壁浇注装药结构的应力释放结构方案在固化降温中的应力释放效果进行了研究。结果表明:应力释放槽和衬垫结构在固化降温中的应力分布无显著差别。应力释放槽结构的应力分布,连续平缓效果更好。     

大型固体发动机燃烧室立式贮存研究

为研究大型固体发动机对特殊立式贮存环境的适应性,开展了大型固体发动机立式贮存状态的受力分析以及立式贮存试验研究。基于大型固体发动机立式贮存环境条件的分析,综合考虑固化降温、充气内压等因素对发动机立式贮存的影响,开展了联合载荷作用下的计算分析。研究结果表明,发动机立式贮存状态相对初始状态前、后人工脱粘间隙都增大,前人工脱粘间隙增大较多,前人工脱粘开口部位轴向位移最大,中孔径向位移最大;发动机充气后药柱的变形量、前后凸环形药柱界面及药柱中孔处等效应力应变随内压提高有所提高,但前后凸环形药柱界面和药柱中孔处受力状态从三向或两向受拉变为三向受压状态,设计合适的充气内压有利于发动机的长期立式存放。燃烧室立式贮存试验实测了药柱立式贮存后的变形,实测结果与计算结果趋势一致。     

3σ准则应用对结构疲劳损伤评价的影响分析

工程研究中经常要应用3σ准则来实现随机振动过程的时域、频域转换。文章应用疲劳损伤分析的频域方法,讨论了3σ准则的应用对于振动疲劳损伤累积评价结果的影响。应用满足Rayleigh分布的窄带模型及其4种典型的修正方法分析疲劳影响因子,数值模拟结果表明,3σ截断后的疲劳损伤累积仅占全部疲劳损伤累积的约70%（取m=6）,与材料疲劳参数m有关,且基于窄带模型的疲劳影响因子分析方法具有一定程度的通用性。     

液氧温度对某液氧液氢发动机性能影响研究

结合某液氧液氢发动机实际飞行中二次工作段入口液氧温度升高和推力下降现象,分析了液氧温度对发动机性能的影响方式和修正方法.通过过冷液氧的发动机试验,对液氧温度影响性能的两种方式分别进行了修正,可将某液氧液氢发动机二次工作段推力与一次工作段的偏差降低约24％,将发动机飞行燃烧室压力与交付值的偏差降低约8％.     

飞机蒙皮厚度连续变化要求下的结构强度优化设计

基于有限元法,提出了使用满应力设计方法对飞机蒙皮厚度进行优化设计。首先基于满应力法对各个单元厚度进行迭代更新,接着考虑蒙皮厚度的连续性要求,应用邻近单元厚度加权平均法对单元的厚度进行修正。在进行厚度加权平均后,对单元厚度进行整体修正来保证蒙皮厚度分布满足应力约束条件。该方法同时适用于金属蒙皮与复合材料蒙皮。数值算例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

Lunar cosmic ray radiation environments during Luna and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter missions

The RV-2N-series instruments onboard Luna missions and the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) were designed to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts by measuring cosmic ray (CR) intensity. In this study, we have shown that the RV-2N-series instruments onboard of Russian Luna missions and the CRaTER reliably detect both background CRs and solar proton events (SPEs) in the lunar radiation environment using the proton intensity measured by the RV-2N-series onboard Luna missions out of the Russian Luna program for the exploration of the Moon (November 1970–August 1975) and the CR intensity on the Moon observed by the CRaTER (June 2009–March 2011). Those were compared with the CR intensities observed by neutron monitors (McMurdo, Thule, Oulu) on the Earth. The sunspot number is used as the index of solar activity (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center). As a result, the background CR intensities on the Moon turned out to have a good anti-correlation with the solar activity. We have also identified the proton intensity increasing events on the Moon which have the similar profiles to those observed by neutron monitors on the Earth. Most of these events show the significant increase of proton intensities in the lunar radiation environment when the SPEs associated with solar eruptions are verified. Therefore, most of the proton intensity increasing events are associated with the energetic solar particles in the lunar environment.     

基于航迹分割的航空器噪声预测模型

根据航空器的航迹来预测其影响区域的噪声情况,基于航迹的几何特性,将航迹分成直线段航迹和曲线段航迹两个基本航迹元素;确定了直线段和曲线段的各自影响范围之后,分别计算各航迹段对它们影响区域的噪声值贡献情况;统计了各个航迹段对监测点的噪声影响之后,综合得出整个航迹段对监测点的噪声影响,从而建立了航空器航迹噪声预测的模型。将该模型计算的结果分别和软件模拟数据、实际监测数据进行对比分析,发现该模型在航迹段内对监测点噪声均值的预测较为准确,监测点噪声峰值预测结果更接近实测数据。     

小天地大社会--评简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》

简·奥斯汀独特的生活经历决定了她狭小的文学创作题材,但她敏锐的观察与奇特的敏感却使读者从她的作品中觉察到当时广阔的社会现实.