Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

Lunar cosmic ray radiation environments during Luna and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter missions

The RV-2N-series instruments onboard Luna missions and the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) were designed to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts by measuring cosmic ray (CR) intensity. In this study, we have shown that the RV-2N-series instruments onboard of Russian Luna missions and the CRaTER reliably detect both background CRs and solar proton events (SPEs) in the lunar radiation environment using the proton intensity measured by the RV-2N-series onboard Luna missions out of the Russian Luna program for the exploration of the Moon (November 1970–August 1975) and the CR intensity on the Moon observed by the CRaTER (June 2009–March 2011). Those were compared with the CR intensities observed by neutron monitors (McMurdo, Thule, Oulu) on the Earth. The sunspot number is used as the index of solar activity (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center). As a result, the background CR intensities on the Moon turned out to have a good anti-correlation with the solar activity. We have also identified the proton intensity increasing events on the Moon which have the similar profiles to those observed by neutron monitors on the Earth. Most of these events show the significant increase of proton intensities in the lunar radiation environment when the SPEs associated with solar eruptions are verified. Therefore, most of the proton intensity increasing events are associated with the energetic solar particles in the lunar environment.     

基于航迹分割的航空器噪声预测模型

根据航空器的航迹来预测其影响区域的噪声情况,基于航迹的几何特性,将航迹分成直线段航迹和曲线段航迹两个基本航迹元素;确定了直线段和曲线段的各自影响范围之后,分别计算各航迹段对它们影响区域的噪声值贡献情况;统计了各个航迹段对监测点的噪声影响之后,综合得出整个航迹段对监测点的噪声影响,从而建立了航空器航迹噪声预测的模型。将该模型计算的结果分别和软件模拟数据、实际监测数据进行对比分析,发现该模型在航迹段内对监测点噪声均值的预测较为准确,监测点噪声峰值预测结果更接近实测数据。     

小天地大社会--评简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》

简·奥斯汀独特的生活经历决定了她狭小的文学创作题材,但她敏锐的观察与奇特的敏感却使读者从她的作品中觉察到当时广阔的社会现实.     

前馈卡塞格伦紧缩场设计与检测

从理论、仿真及实验三方面证明了当前馈卡塞格伦紧缩场几何布局满足圆对称条件时,从几何光学角度来看,不会产生交叉极化的这一特性;同时对紧缩场布局设计及边齿参数作了优化设计,提出优化准则,并给出设计结果;根据布局结果制造了小型前馈卡塞格伦紧缩场K2010,对其幅度特性、相位特性及交叉极化在X波段、Ku波段及Ka波段进行实验测量;根据测量结果及仿真结果,对K2010的性能进行分析及总结.相对于其他类型紧缩场而言,前馈卡塞格伦紧缩场具有更大的口面利用系数和较低的交叉极化,可以满足卫星天线测量、交叉极化矩阵测量对极化纯度的要求.     

发动机喷管喉衬烧蚀及热结构工程计算

给出了一种理论模型和基本计算方法。采用有限元法对某固体火箭发动机喉衬结构的烧蚀量、瞬态温度场和应力场进行了理论计算,计算结果与实测值比较一致,喉部直径实测值与计算值相对误差约为2％。     

涡轮导叶W型孔全气膜冷却效率实验研究

为了研究涡轮导叶W型孔全气膜冷却效率的分布规律,使用热色液晶测量了在流量比为5.5%、8.4%和12.5%,主流湍流度为1%、9%和15%下W型孔全气膜涡轮导叶的气膜冷却效率,并与相同工况下的圆柱型孔全气膜叶片的冷却效率结果进行了对比。结果表明：在低湍流度下,流量比变化对W型孔叶片不同区域冷却效率的影响规律不同;而在高湍流度下,流量比增大使W型孔叶片的冷却效率整体升高;在本文研究的所有流量比下,W型孔叶片的冷却效率均随着湍流度的升高而降低;与圆柱型孔叶片相比,在中低湍流度下,W型孔的冷气壁面贴附性和展向覆盖效果更好,W型孔叶片的冷却效率具有明显优势,然而在高湍流度下由于W型孔的冷气速度低且分布分散,易在高湍流度影响下耗散,W型孔叶片的冷却效率优势较小,甚至在高湍流度大流量比下,圆柱型孔叶片的面平均冷却效率比W型孔叶片高15%左右。     

三波长数字相位解调法解调误差及影响因素

介绍了光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)传感器的传统解调方法,系统地推导了针对非本征法布里-珀罗干涉型(EFPI)传感器解调的三波长数字相位解调法的解调原理,仿真和实验分析了三波长数字相位解调法的解调误差。仿真分析结果表明,相位偏离正交关系是限制解调的最主要因素,要保证解调误差在15 nm以内,腔长变化应小于在正交腔长处2μm的范围。采用3个独立的激光光源进行实验,实验结果表明,在正交腔长附近1μm范围内变化,解调腔长误差小于12 nm,重复性误差小于10 nm,解调具有良好的稳定性。     

复杂载荷下偏心穿透裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法

提出了三维矩形平板内偏心穿透裂纹承受复杂非线性载荷下,仅含有3个系数的通用权函数。采用有限元法获得了三维矩形平板裂纹体模型下的3组参考应力强度因子,结合二元拉格朗日插值法获得了通用权函数系数。进行了自洽性验证以及裂纹面上承受简单3次、5次、7次、复杂幂函数应力分布和残余应力分布下通用权函数的验证。结果表明,通用权函数的自洽性误差在0.9%以内;裂纹面上承受复杂幂函数应力分布时,通用权函数法的误差在4.5%以内;裂纹面承受残余应力分布载荷时,通用权函数法的误差在8.5%以内。说明所提出的通用权函数具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程中高效、准确地计算偏心穿透裂纹承受任意复杂非线性载荷下的应力强度因子需求。      

基于航天应用焦距可调镜组装配应力优化

研究了一种航天用可手动调节焦距瞄准镜的设计和装配过程。针对航天产品可靠性要求高、环境条件恶劣、外界应力条件复杂的特殊情况,从保证高安装精度 （光轴对三处基准面平行度误差均小于10″,Y、Z向安装精度高于±0.05mm）和光学性能的角度出发,对加工应力、装配应力、外界环境应力3种应力对产品性能的综合影响进行了深入探讨。得出3种应力对产品的影响方式和相互之间的关系,并结合有限元模拟进行分析与验证。再以分析结果为依据,从设计角度优化装配过程,得出应力最优的装配方式。并以同样的理论基础,设计了专用的镜组装配工装,以减小镜组装配调整时所带来的装配应力,得到了良好的光学成像效果。