基于云模型的全局最优化算法

基于云模型在定性概念与其定量数值表示之间转换过程中的优良特性,结合遗传算法的基本思想,提出一种自适应高精度快速随机搜索算法,并将之运用到函数寻优中.在定性知识的指导下该算法能够自适应控制搜索空间的范围,较好地避免了传统遗传算法易陷入局部最优解和选择压力过大造成的早熟收敛等问题.算法易于实现,不存在遗传算法中的编码问题.试验结果表明该算法具有精度高、收敛速度快等优点.在众多优化问题上有广泛的应用前景.      

航天发射场加注系统风险评估技术研究

针对航天发射场加注系统风险评估主观随意性较大的问题,提出了基于综合云的多属性风险评估方法,并对某发射场加注系统的运行状态进行了风险评估.首先应用属性约简算法将加注系统风险源权重的确定问题转化为粗糙集理论中属性重要性的评价问题,通过计算得到加注系统各风险源的权重,从而使得加注系统风险源权重的确定更具客观性和合理性;其次,对综合云公式进行了改进,使权重系数直接参与不确定性计算,充分考虑了加注系统性能指标的评分误差给最终结果带来的各种影响.评估结果表明:1)当前使用中的加注泵性能为良偏下,此时的加注系统已经存在了安全隐患,需要更换新的加注泵,否则就容易发生危险;2)该方法能够进一步得到加注系统实际的更多细微信息,结果更加贴近实际.     

基于拉格朗日方法的通气云状空泡三维非定常脱落特性研究

采用均相流模型并结合FBM湍流模型,对绕轴对称回转体通气云状空泡流动特性进行了三维数值模拟,基于实验结果对数值方法进行验证,同时利用基于拉格朗日体系的有限时间李雅普诺夫指数(FTLE)、拉格朗日拟序结构(LCS)和粒子追踪方法分析了其三维非定常脱落特性。研究结果表明:纵截面上空泡覆盖区域的拉格朗日拟序结构整体呈椭球状分布,内部为不规律的复杂拟序结构;不同横截面上拟序结构分布存在很大差异。空泡内部的非对称流动结构和周向流动导致空泡呈现很强的三维运动特性。反向射流在周向上推进的不同步性,是造成空泡呈现不规则断裂和大尺度U型空泡团脱落的主要原因。     

隐式无网格算法及其应用研究

本文的主要目的在于研究求解Euler方程的隐式无网格算法，并应用于复杂的流场计算。采用无网格算法，计算区域用点云离散代替通常的网格划分；计算点上的空间导数，用当地点云上引入的二次极小曲面逼近。求解的Euler方程用隐式时间后差离散，结合用Roe的近似Riemann解确定通量，并用LU－SGS算法分步计算，数值求解了单翼型或双翼型模拟的复杂绕流。     

基于气化煤油喷注的RBCC燃烧室亚燃模态燃烧组织研究

针对RBCC发动机亚燃模态进行主动冷却的情况下,煤油发生气化后喷入燃烧室的燃烧组织开展研究。在亚燃模态低来流总温条件下,使用小流量富燃一次火箭高温射流作为引导火焰可以实现支板喷注二次燃料的可靠点火和稳定燃烧,当煤油喷注前加热到气化/超临界态时,燃烧室最高压力相比于室温液态煤油提高约10%左右。当关闭一次火箭后,利用凹腔成功实现火焰稳定,而使用室温液态煤油喷注时,凹腔内无法实现火焰稳定。通过数值模拟获得了不同喷注方案的燃烧室燃烧流场特征和燃烧组织过程,为进一步优化燃烧室的性能提供依据。结果分析表明通过合理布置燃料支板喷注位置,由燃料支板下游集中的燃料热释放使得气流在扩张燃烧室构型中实现"热力壅塞",通过燃料分配实现燃烧室内合理的燃烧释热分布,使RBCC发动机亚燃模态完成高效燃烧组织。     

基于摄影测量的超大尺寸舱段装配变形分析技术

针对运载火箭箭体结构舱段装配过程中形位精度测量及变形控制的需求,开展超大尺寸舱段精确、高效测量技术研究.首先,对比分析了不同测量技术方案的优缺点;其次,根据摄影测量技术的原理建立了超大尺寸舱段摄影测量的流程,完成了点云数据的采集,基于点云数据重构产品模型,开发软件进行数据的对齐与对比,实现产品形位精度的测量与装配变形的...     

空间烟云的扩散模型

探讨空间烟云用于外层空间目标红外遮蔽隐身干扰,通过分析烟幕扩散体系的真空及微重力效应,基于扩散定律建立了空间烟云的纯扩散模型.研究结果表明,空间烟云施放后其质量浓度在任意时刻的等值面均为一球面,并且随着球半径的增加在空间连续减少;同时结合辐射在烟云中的传输特性研究,获得了空间烟云有效遮蔽面积及遮蔽时间的估算方法.     

The role of space related non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in capacity building

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a unique role in international affairs, providing access to resources, expertise, and assistance to supplement State resources. Sometimes the diplomatic skills and unofficial access of NGOs to policymakers through Track Two diplomacy can move a previously stalled critical issue forward and assist policymakers from different countries to find common ground outside official channels. Because they work outside of official channels, they are not bound by State policy that may inhibit negotiations between States. Some also have a convening power that sometimes makes it possible for State representatives to meet discipline experts and each other for informal discussions on issues of mutual interest. Finally, NGOs can draw attention to issues that may be overlooked or avoided by State organizations.     

Satellite and ground detection of very dense smoke clouds produced on the islands of the Paraná river delta that affected a large region in Central Argentina

Intense fires were produced on the Paraná river delta islands, Argentina, during most part of 2008, by a combination of an exceptionally dry period and the farmers’ use of a fire land-cleaning technique. In April 2008, those fires significantly affected the nearby regions and their inhabitants, from Rosario city to Buenos Aires mega-city. In this work we present satellite as well as ground Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm data obtained during the propagation of pollution clouds to the central zone of Argentina. The highest value (1.18) was registered at Buenos Aires by atmospheric remote sensing, using the satellite instrument MODIS/Terra on April 18th 2008 at 10:35 local time (= UT − 3 h). On the same day, ground air quality detectors also measured in this city the highest Total Suspended Particle (TSP) value of the month, 2.02 mg/m³. The AOD(550) daily variation at Rosario Astronomical Observatory, which is located near the Paraná riverside, was derived by combining solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance data (measured with a YES biometre) with model calculations. On April 25th 2008, from 12:00 to 15:30 local time, a rather high and constant AOD(550) value was registered, with a mean value of (0.90 ± 0.21). Cities located on the side of the Rosario–Buenos Aires highway (San Nicolás, Baradero and San Pedro) were also affected, showing a mean AOD(550) between the Rosario and Buenos Aires values. The particulate matter was collected with gridded samplers placed on the Paraná river islands as well as at the Rosario Observatory. They were analysed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mainly showed a biological origin. Even if normally large particles travel small distances from the source, organic aerosol in the range of 40–100 μm and complex asymmetric structures were registered several kilometres away from the aerosol sources on the islands. Another event of intense UV index attenuation (98.6%) occurred on September 18th 2008, due to very dense smoke clouds that extended over the Rosario area for several hours. The clouds were driven away from the fires by East–northeast and East–southeast winds. The minimum value of this index measured around noon allows to derive a maximum AOD(550)_max = (3.65 ± 0.90) at 12:45 local time. Soot clouds extended over the Paraná river, transporting Burned Biomass Debris (BBD) that deposited on Rosario. In particular, burned leaves and small branches with dimensions of 1–20 cm were collected. The mean (BBD) particles deposited on the ground from 7:00 to 19:00 local time were (0.92 ± 0.20) BBD/(m² h).     

Geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds,magnetic cloud-like structures and interplanetary shocks for the period 1995–2003

Using nine years (1995–2003) of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data, solar sunspot number, and geomagnetic activity data, we investigated the geomagnetic activity associated with magnetic clouds (MCs), magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs), and interplanetary shock waves. Eighty-two MCs and one hundred and twenty-two MCLs were identified by using solar wind and magnetic field data from the WIND mission, and two hundred and sixty-one interplanetary shocks were identified over the period of 1995–2003 in the vicinity of Earth. It is found that MCs are typically more geoeffective than MCLs or interplanetary shocks. The occurrence frequency of MCs is not well correlated with sunspot number. By contrast, both occurrence frequency of MCLs and sudden storm commencements (SSCs) are well correlated with sunspot number.