Comparison of three soil-like substrate production techniques for a bioregenerative life support system

It is very important to recycle the inedible biomass of higher plants to improve the closure of bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Processing candidate higher plant residues into the soil-like substrate (SLS) as the plant growth medium is a promising way to achieve. In this study, three different processing techniques of SLSs, using residues of wheat and rice as feedstock, were compared. As for the first traditional technique, SLS1 was obtained by successive conversion of wheat straw by oyster mushrooms and worms. In the other two methods, SLSs were produced with aerobic fermentation (SLS2) or anaerobic fermentation (SLS3) followed by worm conversion. The changes in SLS cellulose, lignin, available elements and pH were measured during the production processes. The maturity was evaluated by the value of C/N. The fertilities were compared in terms of available elements contents and lettuce productivities. The results indicated that the second technique was optimal, whose process cycle was 30 days less than that of SLS1. The total cellulose and lignin degradation of SLS2, achieved 98.6% and 93.1% during the 93-days-processing, and the lettuce productivity reached 12.0 g m⁻² day⁻¹.     

Designing vibration strength tests of flight vehicle airborne equipment

In the framework of designing vibration tests for the airborne equipment units the types of fatigue curves of their elements are determined. A method for recounting the value of the specified unit service life with regard for only vibration effect is proposed. Variants of vibration strength bench tests are considered.     

Effects of lighting and air movement on temperatures in reproductive organs of plants in a closed plant growth facility

Temperature increases in plant reproductive organs such as anthers and stigmas could cause fertility impediments and thus produce sterile seeds under artificial lighting conditions without adequately controlled environments in closed plant growth facilities. There is a possibility such a situation could occur in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems under microgravity conditions in space because there will be little natural convective or thermal mixing. This study was conducted to determine the temperature of the plant reproductive organs as affected by illumination and air movement under normal gravitational forces on the earth and to make an estimation of the temperature increase in reproductive organs in closed plant growth facilities under microgravity in space. Thermal images of reproductive organs of rice and strawberry were captured using infrared thermography at air temperatures of 10–11 °C. Compared to the air temperature, temperatures of petals, stigmas and anthers of strawberry increased by 24, 22 and 14 °C, respectively, after 5 min of lighting at an irradiance of 160 W m⁻² from incandescent lamps. Temperatures of reproductive organs and leaves of strawberry were significantly higher than those of rice. The temperatures of petals, stigmas, anthers and leaves of strawberry decreased by 13, 12, 13 and 14 °C, respectively, when the air velocity was increased from 0.1 to 1.0 ms⁻¹. These results show that air movement is necessary to reduce the temperatures of plant reproductive organs in plant growth facilities.     

自杀现象透析

自杀是生理、心理和社会的异常。自杀作为一种特殊的社会现象,是由人类心理、家庭、社会生活、人际关系、身体与精神疾病等各种错综复杂的因素所产生的一种社会病。因此,我们的当务之急是正确地认识这一种现象,并建立起危机预防"安全网"。     

Laser Shock Peening of Aluminum Alloy 7050 for Fatigue Life Improvement

The effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on improving fatigue life of aluminum alloy 7050 are investigated.Surface hardness is increased corresponding to a high dislocation density induced by LSP.The X-ray diffraction stress measurement shows that LSP results in prominent increase of surface compressive stress,quasi-symmetrically distributed in the laser peened region.The fatigue life of the alloy 7050 in rivet fastener hole structure is notably improved owing to LSP.The sequence of LSP and fastener hole preparation also influence the fatigue cycle life of the alloy.     

仓容与资金约束下多项物品联合订购近优策略的确定

本文讨论在存在仑容与资金约束的条件下,如何确定多项物品联合订购的近优库存控制策略。根据本文所建立的决策模型开发了计算机软件,并给出了例题求解结果。     

一种TeGe基快速相变型可逆光记录介质的研究

研制出一种在晶化激光功率为4mW时晶化时间为180ns的可逆相变型光纪录介质。其擦写循环次数可达10~6次。分析了其快速晶化机理。     

科技型中小企业发展的生命周期

系统分析了我国科技型中小企业的现状、特征和生命周期。认为我国科技型中小企业的生命周期可分为4个阶段，每个阶段都有特有的主要问题，正确和恰当地解决这些问题，是企业顺利发展，壮大的关键。     

伽玛分布环境因子估计

研究了二参数伽玛分布环境因子的估计。根据伽玛分布的特点,指数分布环境因子的定义,并考虑数据折算的方便,给出了伽玛分布环境因子的定义。根据此定义,用经典方法、贝叶斯方法和Fiducial 方法推证了环境因子的上、下限,并给出了一些近似式。     

以学期总结与规划为抓手的学生工作模式研究

从个性化教育的需要出发,提出基于学期总结与规划的因材施教法学生工作研究的新思路,旨在通过学期总结与规划为抓手和因材施教法相结合指导学生大学生活规划,通过学生书写每学期总结与下学期规划以及老师的一对一辅导,把握学生的个性化特征和潜质,帮助学生认知自我,因材施教,实现学生主观志趣与其个性特质的统一,跟踪学生的发展轨迹,并及时进行调整。结果表明,该工作模式操作性强,学生认可度高,有助于学生形成正确的人生观和做好人生规划。