高金属含量水反应金属燃料稳态燃烧模型

为探索水冲压发动机稳态燃烧机理,以水反应金属燃料在水蒸气环境下的稳态燃烧试验为基础,建立了镁基高金属含量水反应金属燃料稳态燃烧模型,燃料中金属镁含量大于70％.将镁基水反应金属燃料稳态燃烧过程分为惰性加热区、凝相反应区和气相反应区,指出燃面附近气相火焰结构由4部分组成,分别为AP预混火焰、AP/HTPB扩散火焰、AP/...     

文丘利型蒸汽减温器的设计与应用

对文丘利型减温器的结构及原理进行介绍,讨论了文丘利减温器的喷嘴、内扩散器等重要内件的设计计算,阐述减温减压系统的组成,结合实际应用案例对减温减压系统进行设计选型,并通过现场实测验证其性能。实测结果表明该减温减压系统可以满足实际应用的要求,并达到节能目的。     

舰载机弹射起飞及拦阻着舰动力学问题

 弹射起飞和拦阻着舰是舰载机的特殊动力学问题,弹射起飞过程中的起飞离舰姿态、安全离舰速度及离舰上升航迹;着舰过程中的下滑航迹标定及保持、啮合速度及拦阻滑跑;逃逸复飞能力等是舰载机起落性能的主要评定指标。这些指标与航空母舰的大气扰动、航空母舰的纵倾、横摇和升沉运动的影响密切有关。本文在探讨舰载机起落性能研究方法的基础上,进行了示例仿真研究,其计算结果与能取得的示例飞机的某些结果是一致的。     

电荷作用对均质-非均质凝结流动的影响

基于Fletcher成核理论及均质-非均质凝结双流体模型,讨论了电荷作用对凝结流动的影响,结果表明:有无电荷影响时,成核率计算公式精度均较高,流场参数的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,相对误差不超过5%,表明所建的均质-非均质凝结双流体模型具有较高精度.不带电时,加入颗粒半径为5nm颗粒前后流场过冷度差别较小,加入颗粒半径分别为8nm和10nm颗粒后过冷度峰值虽分别降低2K和7K,但均导致自发凝结向下游迁移.当颗粒带电荷量为Q=1e,加入颗粒半径为5nm颗粒情况下对减小成核自由能障、增加非均质成核率的作用最为明显,这一作用在颗粒半径为8nm时较弱,颗粒半径为10nm情况下最弱.当带电量增加至Q=3e时,加入颗粒半径分别为5nm和8nm颗粒情况下峰值过冷度与均质凝结相比分别下降10K和6K,且较明显地抑制了自发凝结发生.      

舰载机偏心情况下弹射起飞研究

在研究舰载机弹射过程中,考虑弹射杆形变、轮胎的滚动摩擦力和侧向滑动摩擦力对弹射起飞的影响,通过建立完整的蒸汽弹射器模型和舰载机六自由度动力学模型,并分析舰载机与弹射装置之间的衔接情况,分析不同偏心距情况下舰载机运动姿态、弹射杆和弹射器的受力.舰载机在偏心情况下会发生滚转运动与偏航运动,进而使弹射杆受到垂直于舰载机运动方向的侧偏力.仿真结果表明:侧偏力的产生原因主要是滚转运动和偏航运动,偏心距越大,弹射杆所受的侧偏力越大,而俯仰角几乎不变;汽缸有杆腔压力随着初始偏心距增大而有小幅下降,但变化不明显,因而舰载机的速度也有小幅下降.     

偏中心定位对弹射过程中飞机姿态的影响

舰载飞机弹射起飞时,由于航母运动等因素的影响,飞机往往无法与弹射轨道对中.针对这种情况,在考虑航母运动以及起落架缓冲和轮胎弹性的基础上,建立六自由度偏中心定位弹射起飞数学模型,研究了在航母典型运动状态下不同初始偏心距离对弹射起飞过程中飞机姿态的影响,结果表明:初始偏心距离对飞机的偏航运动影响最大,偏航运动的幅度随初始偏心距离的增大而增大;在弹射滑跑过程中,飞机的偏航运动有明显的衰减趋势;弹射杆所承受的侧向弯矩随初始偏心距离的增大而增大.研究结果为舰载飞机的设计提供了一定的理论参考.      

复杂环境下舰载机弹射起飞环境因素建模分析

舰载机弹射起飞过程复杂,受到甲板运动、舰首气流、地面效应等复杂环境因素的影响.通过构建甲板运动模型、甲板风模型和地面效应模型,描述了弹射起飞过程中复杂的外部环境,并视为附加项加入到常规飞机方程中,建立了舰载机弹射起飞模型.研究表明:地面效应不利于舰载机弹射起飞;甲板风与舰首气流可抑制航迹下沉;舰面运动对舰载机离舰后下沉量影响很大.      

Designing a power plant with highest efficiency:results from SFB 561

The goal of Collaborative Research Centre(SFB) 561 "thermally highly loaded,porous and cooled multi-layer systems for combined cycle power plants" is to expand the current technological and scientific knowledge on power plants in order to achieve total efficiencies of 65% in a combined cycle power plant in the year 2025.Therefore,the aero-thermomechanical,structural-mechanical,materials' scientific and production fundamentals for the development of steam and gas turbine components that are able to withstand highest thermal loads are being worked out within this SFB.This means for the gas turbine that combustion chamber outlet temperatures of 1520℃ at 1.7MPa are to be attained.In order to control these high temperatures,it is not only required to develop new materials' solutions,including thermal barrier coatings,but also to apply improved cooling techniques,as for example effusion cooling.This novel cooling concept is to be realised through open-porous structures.These structures can consist of drilled open-porous multi-layer systems or open-porous metallic foams.The development of graded multi-layer systems is also extremely important,as the grading will enable the use of coolant in dependence of the requirements.The live steam parameters in the high pressure turbine are expected to be increased up to approximately 700℃ with pressure of 30MPa.These elevated steam parameters can be encountered with Ni-base alloys,but this is a costly alternative,associated with many manufacturing difficulties.Therefore,the SFB proposes cooling the highly loaded turbines instead,as this would necessitate the application of far less Ni-base alloys.To protect the thermally highly loaded casing,a sandwich material consisting of two thin face sheets with a core of a woven wire mesh is used to cover the walls of the steam turbine casing.The current state of the research shows that by utilising innovative cooling technologies a total efficiency of 65% can be reached without exceeding the maximum allowable material temperature,thereby prolonging the life-span.      

几种导弹弹射动力系统内弹道性能比较

介绍并比较了几种导弹弹射动力系统的特点,在一定假设的基础上对几种弹射动力系统进行了内弹道模型的设计、编制程序并针对某型导弹及内弹道指标进行计算,计算结果显示了在不同弹射动力下,发射筒内工质气体状态参数随时间变化的规律和导弹在发射筒内运动加速度、速度、位移随时间变化的规律.通过比较分析所得的内弹道性能曲线,得出燃气-蒸汽式弹射动力系统所需工质流量小,结构简单,压力及加速度变化平稳,温度适中,导弹速度及位移增加快,发射时间短,内弹道参数较理想,具有很大的优势和发展前景.为导弹弹射动力系统的设计和方案选择提供参考依据.     

基于多Agent的舰载机弹射起飞仿真层次模型(英文)

With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the pro