3种铝合金材料动态性能及其温度相关性对比研究

 对3种铝合金2024-T351、7050-T7451和LY12-CZ进行了温度在77～573 K的静、动态压缩（应变率10^-3～6 000/s）和拉伸（应变率10^-3～3 000/s）试验,分别得到了3种铝合金材料的应力 应变关系和失效应变。对比研究结果表明,随温度升高3种材料的塑性流动应力降低,应变率敏感性增加。最后基于Johnson-Cook模型,拟合了用以预测铝合金材料塑性流动应力的模型参数,其预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

镁合金管材热挤压过程数值模拟研究

为了得到综合力学性能良好的AZ31镁合金管材,采用有限元软件DEFORM-3D对AZ31镁合金的挤压过程进行了模拟,定性分析了AZ31坯料温度场的变化及等效应力的分布规律,并计算了管材不同方向的最大拉应力曲线。结果表明热挤压的等效应力在模角拐弯处应力集中严重,温度场分布接近终了时进入等温挤压阶段,热挤压管材的横向裂纹产生的可能性较大,分析结果为工艺实验提供了指导作用。     

飞机静不定结构非线性应力计算—参考模量法

应用虚拟载荷法解飞机静不定结构非线性应力，当非线性充分发展时，因虚载荷过大而导致发散。本文提出参考模量法，使虚载荷减小，从而使收敛性大大提高。     

层合夹心梁层界面上的应力分析

本文用弹性力学接触理论对受静载作用的层合夹心梁进行应力分析，揭示了层合界面上应力的分布规律以及叠层弹性模量比对界面应力的影响。分析的结果与实验结果十分一致。     

用应变片测量应力的改进方法—二向应力片及三向应力片

本文就应变片直接测量应力的方法进行了探讨，提出二向应力片及三向应力片原理，使在实验应力分析的电测场合中，对于某点的应力分量的测量，无需进行几个应变片数据的分别采集，再综合成应力分量（正应力或剪应力），使读数应变与应力分量一一对应，且各测量数据之间在算法上没有耦合。二向应力片及三向应力片的使用，简化了测量数据的处理过程，在动态测量特别是冲击力测量中，具有一定的实用意义。     

二阶n次多项式自治系统的极限环的唯一性

主要利用文［１］中的变换，将下列二阶ｎ次多项式自治系统ｄｘｄｔ＝ｇ１（ｘ）＋ｈ１（ｘ）ｙｄｙｄｔ＝ｇ２（ｘ）＋ｈ２（ｘ）ｙ（＊）（其中，ｇ１（ｘ）＝∑ｎｉ＝０ａｉｘｉ，ｈ１（ｘ）＝∑ｎ－１ｉ＝０ｂｉｘｉ，ｇ２（ｘ）＝∑ｎｉ＝０ｃｉｘｉ，ｈ２（ｘ）＝∑ｎ－１ｉ＝０ｄｉｘｉ）变换成Ｌｉｅｎａｒｄ方程，再利用构造Ｄｕｌａｃ函数的方法和文［２］中的一个定理，得到了二阶ｎ次多项式自治系统（＊）的极限环唯一性的几个充分条件。     

两共线半无限裂纹板的弯曲问题

研究两共线半无限裂纹板的弯曲问题，应用Ｓｃｈｗａｒｚ对称原理和复应力函数的奇异性分析，将问题化为全纯函数的“联结问题”，求得了问题的封闭形式解和应力强度因子公式，并通过与有限元结果比较，说明了它们的工程实用价值。     

基于磁致伸缩传感器的液体密度测量的研究

简要介绍了利用磁致伸缩传感器测量液体密度的原理以及测量系统的组成和应用。利用脉冲回波法测量了声速从而算出液体密度。验证了扭转波在液体中传播速度与液体密度的关系。     

Planetary Radiation Budgets

The energy state of a planet depends fundamentally on its radiation budget. Measurements made from space over past decades have led to significant revisions of ground-based estimates, both of the reflected fraction (the Bond albedo) of solar radiative flux and of the emitted thermal infrared radiation flux, for the Earth as well as for the other planets. After a brief survey of methods and difficulties in accurately determining planetary radiation budgets, we note contradictions in existing tabulations of global parameters, in particular Bond albedo. For the Earth, such contradictions are unjustified, considering that global and annual means as well as the seasonal cycle of Earth Radiation Budget components have now been determined with high accuracy. The Earth's Bond albedo is close to 0.3. Net storage of energy in the Earth-ocean system is close to zero, with a well-established annual cycle of amplitude close to ±12 Wm⁻². Some contradictions remain for the other terrestrial planets. For the giant planets, modern reduced values of the Bond albedo imply reduced but still significant internal energy generation.