Comparison of decision tree methods for finding active objects

The automated classification of objects from large catalogs or survey projects is an important task in many astronomical surveys. Faced with various classification algorithms, astronomers should select the method according to their requirements. Here we describe several kinds of decision trees for finding active objects by multi-wavelength data, such as REPTree, Random Tree, Decision Stump, Random Forest, J48, NBTree, AdTree. All decision tree approaches investigated are in the WEKA package. The classification performance of the methods is presented. In the process of classification by decision tree methods, the classification rules are easily obtained, moreover these rules are clear and easy to understand for astronomers. As a result, astronomers are inclined to prefer and apply them, thus know which attributes are important to discriminate celestial objects. The experimental results show that when various decision trees are applied in discriminating active objects (quasars, BL Lac objects and active galaxies) from non-active objects (stars and galaxies), ADTree is the best only in terms of accuracy, Decision Stump is the best only considering speed, J48 is the optimal choice considering both accuracy and speed.     

高校科研工作量考核中的抽样调查及统计分析方法

针对科研工作量考核中的考核标准确定及考核结果的分析等问题进行了研究，主要包括：根据分层抽样原理，采用Ｂｒｅｗｅｒ方法设计了制订考核标准值的抽样调查方案；确定科研工作量的分布情况以及有关特征值，掌握学校科研工作的现状；利用方差分析法，确定不同职称系列承担科研工作的差异例用回归分析预测法和干涉因子灰色预测法，掌握科研工作量的变化情况及和学校政策的相互关系。一实际应用结果表明，该方法能比较客观地确定科研工作量的考核标准，同时为学校制订相关政策提供了依据。     

论信息产业就业总量的核算方法

21世纪是知识经济的时代，知识经济最活跃的生产部门是那些广泛应用高新技术的新兴产业，信息产业是首当其冲的一个。信息产业的竞争追本溯源是知识与技术的竞争，也就是人才的竞争。因而人力资本核算在信息产业核算研究中有着重要的理论和现实意义，本文在说明有关统计指标的基础上，就信息产业的就业总量中纯信息部门就业总量核算、混合信息部门就业总量核算以及整个信息部门就业核算这几个方面进行了核算方法的研究。     

撩起"人性自私论"的面纱

随着我国社会改革的深入,"人性论"之争再次成为理论界关注的热点,这一争论,实质上是关系"举什么旗,走什么路"的问题.由于争论双方对"自私"含义的不同理解,往往使得争论成了两股道上跑的车.因此,撩起"人性自私论"的面纱,科学界定并明晰"自私"内涵,不仅是理论界统一思想,科学认识"人性"的前提,而且也是引导社会形成正确的价值理念,自觉抵制"人性自私论"侵蚀的重要保证.     

当代创新的五个社会特征

本文以当代世界科技创新活动为背景，分析了当代创新的社会性、效用性、时效性、持续性和系统性。     

Bayesian coronal seismology

In contrast to the situation in a laboratory, the study of the solar atmosphere has to be pursued without direct access to the physical conditions of interest. Information is therefore incomplete and uncertain and inference methods need to be employed to diagnose the physical conditions and processes. One of such methods, solar atmospheric seismology, makes use of observed and theoretically predicted properties of waves to infer plasma and magnetic field properties. A recent development in solar atmospheric seismology consists in the use of inversion and model comparison methods based on Bayesian analysis. In this paper, the philosophy and methodology of Bayesian analysis are first explained. Then, we provide an account of what has been achieved so far from the application of these techniques to solar atmospheric seismology and a prospect of possible future extensions.     

高频噪声场中薄壁结构响应的预估

本文用统计能量分析(StatisticalEnergyAnalysis简称SEA)法研究了在高频宽带随机噪声场中板及加筋板(航空航天器用蒙皮)的加速度响应。发现,在高频段同样外场激励情况下,加筋板的响应大于光板的。本文解释了这一用质量定理无法解释的现象,并用叠加法确定了复杂结构加筋板的模态密度、辐射阻抗和输入功率。     

结构破坏危险率与使用寿命的关系

在结构疲劳寿命服从双参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ分布假设的基础上,通过结构细节疲劳额定值的概念给出了结构破坏危险率与使用寿命的关系式,并通过实例计算得出了破坏危险率－寿命曲线。     

一种新的鲁棒非线性卡尔曼滤波

Huber方法是一种基于l1/l2联合范数的估计方法,该方法可以实现估计的鲁棒性,同时尽量不损失滤波精度和效率.基于Huber估计的无味卡尔曼滤波虽提高了无味卡尔曼滤波的鲁棒性,但这种方法用统计线性回归模型来近似非线性的观测模型,损失了无味变换的精度.从Huber方法的数学意义出发,对观测信息(观测值或观测噪声)进行重新构造,然后对精确的非线性观测方程进行标准的无味卡尔曼滤波,这种新的基于Huber方法的无味卡尔曼滤波无需对非线性观测方程进行线性近似,在保持鲁棒性的前提下提高了滤波精度.通过一个具有混合高斯分布观测噪声的简明实例,验证了新算法在鲁棒性、滤波精度以及估计一致性方面的优势.     

基于有限体积法和SNBCK模型的红外辐射特性计算

耦合求解流场、组分浓度场、基于SNBCK模型的气体辐射传输/能量方程以求准确模拟飞行器排气系统气动热力及红外特性.窄带模型参数由HITEMP逐线计算数据库计算得到.通过CO₂4.3μm波段吸收率计算,圆柱炉膛辐射换热特性计算两个算例验证了所采用程序求解辐射传输/能量方程的准确性.最后计算了两种二元喷管的红外特性,结果表明大宽高比二元喷管地面和空中状态红外辐射特性差异巨大.