具有Lipschitz非线性系统的航天器故障检测

对存在未知干扰的Lipschitz非线性系统,探讨了基于滑模观测器的执行器故障检测的方法。通过等价状态变换,可以得到2个子系统,其中一个子系统与执行器故障和未知干扰耦合,而另一个子系统则只与执行器故障耦合。在此基础上,提出了一种免受未知干扰影响,可对执行器故障敏感的滑模观测器设计方法。这种滑模观测器可以作为故障检测工具,而将其输出估计误差作为残差发生器,用于执行器故障检测。相比滑模观测器的故障重构方法,该方法大大放宽了对数学假设条件的要求。最后,对一个大攻角状态下的航天器的简化模型进行了数字仿真,仿真结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

国家竞争理论的演变及对我国的启示

基于比较优势的国家竞争理论更多的是强调自然资源等国家内生性要素在竞争中的作用，国家竞争理论的进一步发展则强调国家竞争优势的形成和动态发展，更突出政府、体制等外生性要素对国家竞争的影响力，从而大大丰富和深化了国家竞争的主体、客体和竞争形式等问题的研究。     

甲烷气体的冲击状态方程数值计算

为了研究甲烷气体的冲击状态方程，用一维无粘流体反应动力学方程组。分别以7组元17步反应和13组元加步反应模型计算了常温下压力为0．12MPa时受高速飞片撞击的甲烷气体的Hugoniot数据，给出了飞片速度为3km／s-9km／s范围内9种条件下的数值结果。在相同的初始条件下，当飞片速度较低(如3km／s)时两种反应模型给出相同的结果。通过较高飞片速度下的计算结果与实验结果比较，13组元40步反应模型给出的数值结果与实验结果基本一致。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

并行鲁棒观测器对发动机减小转速信号的故障分离

通过对减小转速故障信号产生机理的研究 ,提出了一种基于多重模型假设下的并行鲁棒观测器残差输出的故障分离方法 ,建立了实际系统的正常工作状态和 4种故障工作模式 ,将该方法应用于某型航空涡扇发动机导致减小转速信号产生的传感器的故障检测与分离。数字仿真和误差分析结果显示 ,文中提出的方法可靠性高 ,故障定位准确 ,对发动机减小转速信号的故障分离行之有效。      

基于动态模糊观测器的故障诊断方法研究

研究了T S模糊系统中存在未知输入、多重故障时的诊断问题,提出了基于动态模糊观测器的诊断方法。仿真结果表明,该方法推理简单,解耦多重故障准确有效。     

带机体状态反馈的直升机地面共振分析

建立了带机体状态反馈的直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性分析模型,研究了机体反馈系数对直升机地面共振的影响。根据Floquet理论采用传递矩阵法计算了系统的模态频率及模态阻尼,并用非线性模型的数值仿真进行了验证。结果表明,机体滚转角位移和角速度反馈能有效地提高摆振后退型模态阻尼;但当机体滚转姿态角反馈系数过大时,以挥舞后退型模态为主的旋翼挥舞与机体运动之间相互作用,导致直升机出现动不稳定性。     

航空发动机机载实时自适应模型研究

航空发动机的性能蜕化会导致其可测参数的变化,因此传感器测量参数偏离正常工作情况下的变化量,可以表征发动机的性能蜕化程度。文中首先建立了包含发动机性能蜕化因素的状态变量模型,并将性能蜕化参数作为增广的状态变量,设计了卡尔曼滤波器,从而可以根据可测的输出偏离量经滤波器状态估计得到发动机性能蜕化值,最后将性能蜕化值用于状态变量模型中不可测参数的修正,从而使机载模型适应发动机的非额定工作状况。     

结构可靠性分析中考虑高次项修正的组合响应面法

响应面法被广泛地应用于大型复杂结构隐式极限状态方程的可靠性分析,然而至今响应面法的精度仍是未完全得以解决的问题。分析并指出了影响响应面法精度的主要因素,针对这些影响响应面法精度的主要因素,提出了考虑高次项修正的组合响应面法,该方法在真实极限状态方程对结构失效概率贡献较大的区域以一组主次响应面来近似,并对每一个响应面采用高次项予以修正,从而使得响应法的精度得以大幅提高,算例结果证明了所提方法的可行性与精度。     

翼身组合体大迎角前体非对称涡流动性态研究

在亚临界流动范围内,对于带有鸭翼、机翼的翼身组合体,在其头尖部带有确定扰动的条件下,研究模型大迎角下的非对称背涡结构及其气动力特性随扰动周向角的演化规律。通过对模型表面的压力分布和侧向力分布分析,结合流场显示结果,表明翼身组合体绕流中鸭翼前各截面均处于非对称二涡区,头部截面侧向力分布随头尖部滚转而呈现出双稳态特性,鸭翼和机翼上方的流动在大迎角下处于完全分离流动状态,从而使得模型上鸭翼之后的截面侧向力接近为零。