Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

直升机驾驶员模型研究

主要阐述直升机驾驶员各特征参数的确定方法，导出了各种不同形式模型参数的换算公式以及模型参数与驾驶员评价等级之间的关系。本文的方法经过多种直升机飞行试验数据的验证是查行的，可用于各种直升机的闭环分析。     

一种使用EPROM的时间增益补偿电路

本文简要介绍了医用超声波类仪器的基本原理，分析了超声波类仪器中普遍采用的Ｔ．Ｇ．Ｃ电路的不足。为克服上述电路的不足，本文提出了该电路的一种新的设计方法并在实际中实现了该方法。     

用最大值原理求某无人机的最优上升轨迹

为改进某无人机飞行性能，应用最大值原理求解无人机在垂直平面内的最优上升轨迹，推导了无人机最经济爬升所满足的极值方程；并用此方程和最快爬升极值方程这两类目标函数求解了某无人机的最优上升轨迹，计算结果表明，经优化后的爬升轨迹可以节省燃油，延长无人机的续航时间或快速爬升到预定的终点高度具有较好的性能收益。     

基于时间序列数据挖掘的旋转机械故障预报

提出一种基于时间序列数据挖掘的故障预报新方法。把故障前兆因子作为一种暂态,根据旋转机械轴承振动的实验数据建立时间序列．利用时延嵌入的方法重构状态空间,在状态空间中使用遗传算法搜寻最优暂态束．组成暂态集。用暂态集对旋转机械轴承振动的测试数据进行分析．判断是否为故障前兆因子．从而实现故障预报。     

基于扰动观测器的无人机固定时间编队协同控制

针对无人机的编队控制问题,基于虚拟领航者编队方法,提出了 1种基于固定时间超螺旋干扰观测器的反步控制策略。首先,设计了 1种固定时间超螺旋扰动观测器,以保证在固定时间内,对无人机编队机动所受扰动的快速观测;其次,针对编队控制问题,设计了基于超螺旋扰动观测器的反步控制策略,该控制器显著降低了抖振效应;然后,使用李雅普诺夫理论和固定时间理论,分析了控制策略的固定时间稳定性;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性与可行性。     

基于松弛约束Hammerstein非线性模型的增程式APU预测控制

针对增程式辅助动力单元（APU）工作点切换过程的转速控制,提出了一种基于Hammerstein非线性模型的预测控制策略。通过稀疏最小二乘支持向量机-自适应混沌粒子群优化（SLSSVM-ACPSO）算法辨识激励响应数据建立了发动机Hammerstein非线性模型,在模型预测控制求解最优控制序列时,采用松弛因子松弛约束边界,并设计了有效集（ASM）-ACPSO组合算法求解,在控制过程中应用了变预测时域策略。建立系统仿真模型,仿真结果显示:在热机点切换至低负荷点及低负荷点切换至中负荷点的过程中稳定时间分别为2.57 s和2.77 s,转速最大超调率分别为2%和1.6%,均优于两种对比策略;在中负荷点向高负荷点切换过程中,转速超调率较大,但控制过程转矩变化更平缓。仿真结果表明模型预测控制策略控制APU系统转速响应快、转速超调率小,发动机转矩超调量小,具有良好的动态控制效果。      

基于AFDX网络的时间同步分析与实现

时间同步技术对分布式网络是不可缺少的。根据AFDX网络的完整性、冗余性等特点,提出一种AFDX网络时间同步模型和实现方法。分析了时间同步过程中产生的时间延迟,并提出两种延迟补偿方法,分别为一次性补偿法和分段补偿法。对两种时间延迟补偿方法进行对比后,采用较为理想的分段补偿法给出AFDX网络的时间同步实现。提出一种时间同步精度的测量方法,并对AFDX网络的时间同步进行了实验和测量。结果表明,方法具有较高的同步精度,能够满足AFDX网络的使用要求。     

起落架系统收放时间仿真及优化分析

本研究的主要目标是建立起落架虚拟仿真分析系统,包括起落架机构、液压回路等主要模型。该系统充分考虑模拟起落架收放过程中的运行环境,完成以起落架收放系统正常收放功能、收放时间计算为检测指标的多系统耦合仿真分析,用以验证起落架收放系统的设计方案和关键参数,支持后续优化设计。     

Trajectory reshaping based guidance with impact time and angle constraints

This study presents a novel impact time and angle constrained guidance law for homing missiles. The guidance law is first developed with the prior-assumption of a stationary target, which is followed by the practical extension to a maneuvering target scenario. To derive the closed-form guidance law, the trajectory reshaping technique is utilized and it results in defining a specific poly-nomial function with two unknown coefficients. These coefficients are determined to satisfy the impact time and angle constraints as well as the zero miss distance. Furthermore, the proposed guidance law has three additional guidance gains as design parameters which make it possible to adjust the guided trajectory according to the operational conditions and missile’s capability. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. ? 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).