轴对称结构RBCC发动机超燃模态试验和数值模拟

为研究轴对称结构RBCC发动机超燃模态下的点火和燃烧性能,进行了地面直连试验。采用中心支板火箭与小支板组喷注相结合的方式作为点火和火焰稳定方式,并对燃料喷注方案进行了研究。试验与数值模拟结果表明,采用这种点火方式能实现轴对称结构RBCC发动机的可靠点火和稳定燃烧。二次燃料采取多级喷注的方式能充分利用流道中的氧气,实现较充分的燃烧,但应控制燃料喷注比例。双支板组的加入,能促进燃料与中心空气流的充分掺混,提升燃烧效率,获得较优的燃烧性能。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

横流中空心锥形喷雾的扩散特性与影响因素

为了更好地理解和认识空心锥形喷雾射流与横向气流的掺混过程,基于可视化实验测量,针对空心锥形喷雾的初始雾化状态、喷射角度和雾化锥角以及横流速度等因素对空心锥形喷雾射流在横流中的扩散特性进行了系统分析。研究结果表明,随着横流速度的提高,流场中对称反旋涡对（CVP）结构变小,但其稳定性及产生的卷吸气流则是先增强而后减小;提高喷雾初始液滴的动量和数流率,均可以增大射流剪切层的贯穿深度和射流尾迹的伸展高度,同时使流场中CVP的涡量强度增大。基于实验测量结果,建立了空心锥形喷雾垂直入射横流条件下掺混流场液滴群CVP结构特征尺寸和剪切层轨迹的预测关联式。另外针对喷嘴雾化锥角和喷射角度的分析表明,当喷雾初始雾化状态相近时,随着雾化锥角的减小,流场中CVP的水平尺度减小但竖直方向尺度增大且结构更为稳定,同时喷雾液滴的贯穿深度增大;相比喷雾垂直于横流入射,当喷嘴以一定角度逆向横流入射时,CVP结构稳定性减弱,流场剪切层涡结构变大且剪切层区域液滴富集现象减弱,射流尾迹紊乱程度增加,反之,则流场剪切层涡拟序结构变小,射流尾迹现象减弱,CVP结构变小。     

全流量补燃循环发动机系统的响应特性

以全流量补燃循环氢氧发动机系统为研究对象,对其的动态响应特性进行了研究。建立了描述全流量补燃循环发动机动态特性的非线性数学模型,将免疫策略算法同龙格-库塔法结合起来,提出了求解含有隐式项的常微分方程组的变步长龙格-库塔方法,并应用该方法对全流量补燃循环发动机系统的动态响应特性进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,当发动机在某一个稳定工况工作时,发动机入口推进剂压强的变化对发动机性能参数的影响不大,发动机的参数都能比较平稳的过渡到一个新的稳定工况;当发动机在短时间内进行小范围的推力调节时,发动机参数的过渡过程的曲线也比较平稳,但是当在短时间内进行大范围推力调节时,参数的过渡过程的曲线振动比较剧烈,因此应当在进行大范围推力调节时,应当对调节时间进行适当延长,或者分级进行推力调节。      

空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验

在定容弹内利用高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）研究了环境压力和燃油温度对空气辅助喷射系统喷雾特性的影响。试验环境压力的变化范围为0.01MPa到0.1MPa,燃油温度的变化范围为25℃到100℃。试验结果表明:随着环境压力的减小,燃油喷雾逐渐从冷态过渡到闪急沸腾状态,在喷嘴出口处喷雾气泡急剧增加。当环境压力小于0.02MPa时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,液滴速度增加,粒径减小,在喷雾近端出现喷雾膨胀现象;随着燃油温度的上升,液滴表面张力减小,液滴易于破碎。当燃油温度达到100℃时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,喷雾远端出现喷雾膨胀现象。      

凹腔对一体化支板火焰稳定器燃烧性能的影响

在来流温度为780~850℃、来流马赫数为0.16及油气比为0.002~0.006的条件下,试验研究了凹腔对喷油/稳定一体化支板火焰稳定器燃烧效率及熄火性能的影响,并结合数值模拟进行辅助分析。结果表明:在不同油气比条件下,带凹腔的一体化支板火焰稳定器均能实现稳定高效燃烧;不带凹腔的一体化支板火焰稳定器燃烧效率始终低于带凹腔的一体化支板火焰稳定器,随着油气比的增加,两者燃烧效率差距逐渐缩小;带凹腔的一体化支板火焰稳定器较不带凹腔的一体化支板火焰稳定器有更好的熄火性能;凹腔结构促进了燃油雾化与蒸发,从而提高一体化支板火焰稳定器的燃烧性能。      

自循环吸附动叶设计原理及数值模拟分析

研究了一种新型自循环吸附动叶,分析了其主要实现结构以及自循环吸附的原理。新型吸附结构利用动叶旋转离心作用形成的驱动力抑制了叶表分离、叶顶二次流动,增加了叶顶附面层动量,提高了动叶效率及稳定裕度。通过与传统的机匣处理技术的对比,阐明了自循环吸附动叶的独特结构以及叶顶喷气技术优势。以Rotor37动叶为例,依据基本的吸气、喷气原则,开展了吸气槽、叶顶喷气孔以及动叶内腔等自循环典型结构概念方案设计,突破了带有动叶内腔的复杂网格生成技术,完成了自循环吸附动叶内腔以及叶片通道内的流动分析以及特性分析。研究结果表明:自循环吸附技术优势明显,数值模拟证明其原理可行。     

微型定容多次燃油喷射系统高速响应特性仿真

针对小排量发动机转速范围大、工作循环喷油量小的特点,提出了一种微型定容多次燃油喷射系统结构,建立了系统电、磁、液、机耦合模型,仿真计算了从输入电压到喷射输出的动态响应特性,分析了影响系统高速特性的关键因素.结果表明:该喷射系统响应频率可达到1000Hz,响应时间可以满足小排量发动机最高转速要求,具备工程可实现性.      

低速单级轴流压气机自引气扩稳实验

在一台低速单级轴流压气机上采用自引气-喷气方式进行了实验研究,实验中分析比较了不同的引气方式对压气机失速裕度改善(SMI)以及对压气机效率的影响,同时对不同自引气方式的扩稳机理进行了探讨.实验结果表明:自引气方式能够有效的改善压气机失速裕度,并且能够略微提高压气机效率.与传统的外部引气相比,节省了外部引气所需要的外部空气压缩系统;为自引气在实际压气机稳定性控制中的应用提供参考.      

Influence of fuel injection position and equivalent mixture ratio on chemical non-equilibrium effects of single expansion ramp nozzle

Chemical non-equilibrium flow was investigated for the scramjet single expansion ramp nozzle(SERN) with a strut-based liquid-kerosene-fueled combustor.Two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations were solved with the species conservation equation for continuous phase and the renormalization group(RNG) k-ε turbulence model.Lagrangian discrete-phase model was analyzed for liquid-kerosene droplets behavior in the supersonic stream.Combustion was simulated by kerosene surrogate fuel's 10-species and 13-step reduced reaction kinetics mechanism with use of Arrhenius's laminar finite rate model.Parametric studies were carried out to estimate the influence of different fuel injection positions and equivalent mixture ratios on the SERN chemical non-equilibrium effects.Numerical calculation results show that the strut-based combustor enables convenient modeling of various SERN entry conditions,which is similar with many preceding investigations,by changing the injector strut position and controlling the mass flow rate of each injector.Chemical non-equilibrium effects function in the whole SERN,especially in the initial flow expansion region,leads to obviously higher SERN performance of the non-equilibrium flow than that of the frozen flow.Furthermore,the distributed fuel injection pattern plays a significant role in enhancing the combustion efficiency in combustor,but weakening the chemical non-equilibrium effects funciton in SERN.Additionally,while the equivalent mixture ratio increases,the SERN thrust coefficient and lift coefficient rise gradually,and the increment of non-equilibrium flow in relation to frozen flow becomes higher as well.To be specific,the equivalent mixture ratio is 0.6,the maximum increment of thrust coefficient and lift coefficient are 11.6% and 25% respectively.