Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

Event-triggered adaptive control for attitude tracking of spacecraft

Plug-and-play technology is an important direction for future development of spacecraft and how to design controllers with less communication burden and satisfactory performance is of great importance for plug-and-play spacecraft. Considering attitude tracking of such spacecraft with unknown inertial parameters and unknown disturbances, an event-triggered adaptive backstepping controller is designed in this paper. Particularly, a switching threshold strategy is employed to design the event-triggering mechanism. By introducing a new linear time-varying model, a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal and a bound estimation approach, the impacts of the network-induced error and the disturbances are effectively compensated for and Zeno phenomenon is successfully avoided. It is shown that all signals of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded and both the attitude tracking error and the angular velocity tracking error converge to zero. Compared with conventional control schemes, the proposed scheme significantly reduces the communication burden while providing stable and accurate response for attitude maneuvers. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

融合背景图像信息和多特征压缩的相关滤波跟踪算法

针对相关滤波类跟踪算法目标背景图像信息利用率较低、目标特征表达能力较弱的问题,提出了一种融合背景图像信息的多特征压缩跟踪算法。首先,在上下文感知滤波器的基础上,将背景图像信息加入位置滤波器。其次,提取颜色名(Color Name, CN)特征与梯度直方图(Histogram of Oriented Gradient, HOG)特征,使用最大响应因子及平均峰相关能量(Average Peak-to-Correlation Energy, APCE)评估跟踪结果的可信度,实现两种特征的自适应融合。最后,利用特征降维简化模型的复杂度,实现算法运行速度的提升。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在遮挡、形变、尺度变化等复杂环境下均具有较高的鲁棒性,其跟踪精度和成功率指标均优于DSST及其他主流的跟踪算法,并且仍保持了实时性。     

基于人工神经网络的多模型目标跟踪算法

针对在目标跟踪中单模型跟踪算法难以应对目标运动形式的变化,而多模型跟踪算法存在结构固定、跟踪精度被非匹配模型削弱且模型切换缓慢的矛盾,文章提出了一种基于人工神经网络的多模型目标跟踪算法。通过分析目标几种基本运动模式的轨迹特点,归纳出目标运动轨迹的特征向量。利用训练好的BP神经网络对滑窗里的轨迹段进行运动模型识别,按结果进行跟踪模型切换,达到使跟踪算法实时适应目标运动状态的目的。仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性,且与传统的多模型算法相比,具有结构更加简单、更强的灵活性和拓展性的特点。     

太阳跟踪定位技术及其应用研究

太阳跟踪定位技术广泛应用于能源、气象和航天等领域,系统全面地对相关方法进行分类和阐述,并对多孔复用、太阳光纤导入等较新应用进行了分析,最后总结了该领域内相关技术发展的瓶颈问题,展望了未来的研究方向.     

基于相关滤波器的嵌入式动态目标跟踪系统设计

针对空间非合作运动目标监控,提出了一种基于嵌入式技术的动态目标实时检测与跟踪方法,并完成了跟踪系统的研制设计和测试。该视觉目标跟踪系统以嵌入式处理器为控制器,通过相机模组获取实时视频图像,图像经过视觉检测与跟踪算法程序分析,得到目标的位置信息后,控制伺服运动系统调整相机姿态实现对动态目标跟踪。提出了基于相关滤波原理的跟踪算法,搭建了树莓派嵌入式测试系统,完成实时检测与跟踪的实验评估。实验结果表明,嵌入式处理器中检测与跟踪程序的平均运行帧率达到25FPS,伺服机构在水平360°和俯仰±60°范围内实现了对移动速度90°/s的目标的实时、稳定监控与跟踪。     

非最小相位系统输出跟踪的最优预测控制方法

讨论了一类非最小相位系统的输出跟踪问题。非最小相位系统广泛存在于机器人柔性结构控制、飞机的飞机控制和航天器发射等实际问题中。由于非最小相位系统内部动态的不稳定性,传统的一些输出跟踪方法将导致系统的某些变量发散。文中通过讨论系统的有界理想状态轨迹,将期望跟踪的输出进行了扩充,利用预测控制方法研究了一类非最小相位系统的输出跟踪问题,从理论上证明了利用预测控制可以使非最小相位系统稳定地渐近跟踪期望输出。     

借助TADT技术对中继卫星实现高准确的非相干多普勒跟踪

用非相干多普勒跟踪系统取代相干多普勒跟踪系统是可能的,只需消除其振荡器频率漂移对测速的有害 影响即可。TADT技术能使之达到相干系统的准确度。文中介绍TADT方法的数学原理及其在TDKSS网中的应用。结 论认为,TADT方法是解决非相干多普勒跟踪系统高精度和高可靠性这一矛盾的有效方法,从而使航天器的多普勒跟踪 技术取得突破性进展。     

低(负)仰角跟踪的综合平滑算法

分析多径测角误差的形成机理，阐明在多信息源的跟踪系统中，对跟踪数据作综合平滑算法的原理、计算方法及实现，以及由这种软件控制的跟踪系统的外场实验结果。     

一种数字式动目标跟踪技术

介绍一种在某型号雷达中成功应用的全数字式动目标跟踪系统。和差三路Ｉ和Ｑ正交信号经模数（Ａ／Ｄ）转换后在数字信号处理器中进行动目标显示（ＭＴＩ）滤波、距离跟踪，同时提取角误差信号作为天线角伺服系统的输入，以实现对目标的角度跟踪。该跟踪系统可以有效地抑制对中低空目标回波影响较大的地杂波及海杂波等干扰信号，从而极大地改善了跟踪雷达的中低空性能。