带弹性元件扑翼机构的动力学分析及实验

为研究扑翼飞行器传动机构的能量特性，以特拉华大学机械系统实验室所研制样机为原型进行了建模。引入气动项和拉力弹簧建立了完整的动力学模型。分析发现，气动项的力矩峰值为惯性项的4.8倍，对电机的转矩峰值的影响起主要作用。运用正交法进行仿真发现，引入拉力弹簧可以使电机转矩峰值最大降低77.5%，与理论分析相符合。进一步的物理实验验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性，并得到了当弹簧的连接点位置为185 mm、原长为200 mm及刚度为0.1 N/mm时实验结果取得最优值，可为扑翼机传动机构的优化设计提供依据。此外，引入弹性元件也可有效降低电机的转速波动，进而为仿生扑翼飞行器的生产和实践应用提供理论指导。     

Temperature effect on buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube subjected to axial compression

This paper seeks to outline the temperature effect on the buckling properties of ultra-thin-walled lenticular collapsible composite tube(LCCT) subjected to axial compression.The buckling tests of the LCCT specimens subjected to axial compression were carried out on INSTRON-500 N servo-hydraulic machine in dry state and at the temperatures of 25 C, 100 C and 80 C. The load–displacement curves and buckling initiation loads were measured and the buckling initiation mechanism was discussed from experimental observations. Experiments show that the buckling initiation load, on average, is only about 2.2% greater at the low temperature of 80 C than at the room temperature of 25 C due to the material hardening, demonstrating an insignificant increase in the buckling initiation load, whereas it is about 19.5% lower at the high temperature of 100 C than at the room temperature owing to the material softening, implying a significant decrease in the buckling initiation load. The failure mode of the LCCT in axial compression tests at three different temperatures can be reckoned to be characteristic of the buckling initiation and propagation around the central region until rupture. The finite element(FE) model is presented to simulate the buckling initiation mechanism based on the eigenvalue-based methodology. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

扭矩扳子检定装置量值传递相关问题探讨

通过对扭矩量值传递中有关器具工作原理及工作时受力的分析,指出了用扭矩扳子检定装置检定扭矩扳子时检定结果难以一致的原因,给出了解决办法,并进行了验证。     

Postcapture stabilization of space robots considering actuator failures with bounded torques

Space robotics is regarded as one of the most impressing approaches for space debris removal missions. Due to the residual momentum of debris, it is essential to stabilize the base rapidly after capture. This paper presents a novel control strategy for stabilization of a space robot in postcapture considering actuator failures and bounded torques. In the control strategy, the motion of the manipulator is not regarded as a disturbance to the base; in contrast, it is utilized to compensate for the limitation of the control torques by means of an inverse dynamical model of the system. Different scenarios where actuators are external mechanisms or momentum exchange devices have been carried out, and for actuator failures, both single- and two-actuator failures have been considered. Regarding to the performance of actuators, control torques are bounded. In cases that either single or two actuators have failed, the base can be stabilized kinematically when actuators are external mechanisms, but can only be stabilized dynamically when only momentum exchange devices are used. Finally, a space robot with a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in postcapture is studied to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the whole system can be stabilized rapidly.     

航天器空间环境干扰力矩分析与仿真研究

针对航天器在轨运行时所受到的空间环境干扰力矩进行建模分析,并通过实时解算和矢量叠加的方式进行仿真研究,尤其对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩的建模与仿真提出了新的方法,该方法通过建立光照面与迎风面的判断准则,准确地对太阳光压力矩与大气阻力力矩进行了估计。对各种空间环境干扰力矩的精确建模与仿真为航天器精确姿态控制设计及系统姿态控制方案和控制执行机构的选取提供了依据,文中提出的方法简单易用,工程实现性强,为未来的工程应用提供了一定的理论依据。     

气膜冷却孔几何结构对流量系数的影响

为了研究火焰筒壁面气膜冷却孔几何结构对流量系数的影响规律，设计了几种具有不同几何尺寸和排列结陶的气膜冷却孔实验件。对气膜冷却孔的流量系数进行了实验研究。实验结果表明．在吹风比较小时．随吹风比的增加流量系数大幅度增加．当吹风比较大时，随吹风比的增加流量系数增幅减小。同时．在气膜孔厚径比大于1时，气膜孔的排列形式对流量系数的影响不大，当厚径比小于1时．叉排气膜孔的流量系数要高于顺排气膜孔的流量系数。     

用内文丘里管流量计测量酸气流量

介绍了新型差压装置--内文丘里管的结构、测量原理、技术性能;根据差压式流量计的测量原理,建立了计算酸气流量的数学模型,并将内文丘里管流量计成功地应用于酸气流量的测量.     

自锁螺母的防松及滚压收口的应用

某系列飞机用自锁螺母锁紧力矩不稳定原因分析。自锁螺母采用滚压收口可使螺母收口部侠的螺纹孔由圆表变成曲率变化均匀的对称的椭圆形，螺距沿螺纹孔轴向增大，造成与螺栓干涉配合，可获得比较稳定的锁紧力矩。     

韩国高性能C/C刹车盘的开发

介绍了韩国国防开发署与大宇重工合作开发的飞机C/C刹车盘的制造工艺和动力矩试验结果。韩国使用专门设计的预形体通过沥青浸渍和化学气相沉积工艺制备了具有要求的摩擦磨损性能、密度、热性能及机械性能的C/C刹车盘,在无损检测、机械加工、金属夹组装和防氧化处理等工序之后进行鉴定试验。包括动力矩试验和服役寿命试验的全部鉴定试验根据MIL—W—5013规范和洛克希德公司的GD16ZL001B规范在惯性动力仪上进行。全部鉴定试验结果显示新的刹车装置与已鉴定过的现役C/C刹车盘相比具有良好的刹车性能,达到了全部要求。     

基于平行光管与二维旋转平台的长焦相机内参标定

长焦镜头能够采集位置更远的图像,而长焦镜头成像的特殊性对传统相机标定方法提出了挑战。针对这一问题,阐述了一种基于平行光管和二维旋转平台的相机内参标定方法。长焦相机被架设在二维旋转平台上,对放置在平行光管内的透过式棋盘格成像。通过旋转二维平台,改变相机的位置,可以得到不同位置下清晰的棋盘格图像。采集了棋盘格格点的像素坐标以及二维平台的角度数据,建立了合适的模型,优化求解出了长焦相机的内参参数,实现了实验室内对长焦镜头的标定。由模型计算得到的重投影棋盘格角点的图像坐标与在实际图像中检测到的棋盘格角点坐标相比,平均误差约为0.5个像素,这验证了算法的可行性。