高精度星地测距的多址干扰并行对消技术

目前,在航天测控系统中广泛采用扩频体制,但随着多通道扩频技术和多站测距系统的发展,测控系统面临的测量环境越来越复杂,对伪距测量精度产生较大影响。其中,多站测距系统中存在的强信号干扰和多址干扰,会导致测距精度下降。本文提出了一种基于并行干扰对消的高精度星地测距技术,通过信号处理重构和对消接收信号中的干扰信号,得到纯净的期望信号,从而抑制码分多址带来的测量误差,以提升测量精度,并通过仿真和试验验证了算法的可行性和优越性。     

“实践九号”A卫星图像的直接解调成像方法

“实践九号”（SJ-9）卫星是中国新技术试验卫星系列规划中的首发星,其中A星搭载的光学成像有效载荷技术试验项目为高分辨率多光谱相机,其图像数据将应用于国土资源调查与监测、农林业、环境保护、防灾减灾等领域,满足用户对高分辨率数据的需求。目前,遥感数据地面处理主要使用美国学者提出的调制传递函数补偿方法,而该文使用了中国科学家自主提出的直接解调成像方法处理“实践九号”A卫星全色谱段的遥感图像。通过分析处理前后的敦煌靶标和法国靶标的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function,MTF）和点扩散函数,认为经直接解调成像方法处理后的图像清晰度和MTF有明显提高,达到了国际上同类遥感图像处理方法的先进水平。     

Interception Algorithm of S-cubed Signal Model in Stealth Radar Equipment

Radar equipment of stealth platforms such as aircraft have adopted the newest modern technology to design the signal waveforms. One of the important and effective methods is the hybrid waveform called spread spectrum stretch (S-cubed) which combines linear frequency modulation (LFM) and discrete phase code. In order to investigate the function of enemy’s stealth radar equipment, the interception algorithm of S-cubed is needed. In this paper, a novel detection and parameter estimation approach for the reconnaissance S-cubed radar signal is presented. First, the generalized time-frequency representation of Zhao, Atlas, and Marks (ZAM-GTFR) and Hough transforms (HT) are applied to detecting the signal, and then the initial frequency and modulation slope of LFM are estimated from the ZAM-GTFR. On the basis of LFM information, the reconstructing signal is generated. Finally, the code rate of discrete phase code is extracted from the negative peaks of the ZAM-GTFR. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher estimation accuracy when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is above 3 dB.     

基于软技术的高动态扩频信号载波跟踪技术

高动态环境中,由于载体的动态变化范围大,使得所发射信号的多普勒频移、一次变化率、甚至二次变化率都比较大,这对于完成信号的正确解调提出了很高的要求.因而又给出了一种用复合软环来跟踪高动态载波信号的方法,实现了基于数字信号处理器的接收机,并且验证了此方案切实可行,完全达到各种性能要求.     

DS/FH混合系统鲁棒自适应抗干扰技术

根据鲁棒估计理论,采用一种基于广义M估计的自适应滤波器消除DS/FH混合扩频系统中的部分带宽干扰,并推导了鲁棒自适应算法.比较了2种M估计中常用的ψ函数的性能:Huber函数(Huber function)、三权重函数(Tri-weight function).Monte Carlo 仿真结果表明,采用鲁棒自适应滤波器的DS/FH系统抗非稳态干扰性能显著提高,且具有拒绝特性的三权重函数性能明显优于Huber函数.      

基于1.55μm的全光纤测速激光雷达

针对传统相干激光雷达难于实现本振光与信号光波前匹配的问题,设计了一种基于光纤低损窗口1.55μm的全光纤测速激光雷达.系统以全光纤器件构成整个光路结构,偏振无关光纤环形器与Cassegrain型望远镜组成收发合置光学天线.给出了激光雷达的整体方案和系统设计,并对接收机的光混频、天线与单模光纤的耦合、信号检测和数据采集处理等技术进行了讨论.通过实验说明,全光纤测速激光雷达对空间光随机噪声有较好的抗干扰能力,提高了干涉条文可见度和雷达系统的性能,所得的速度分辨率优于0.5mm/s,输出非线性度小于0.1％.     

Systematic centroid error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF in an electronic star map simulator

Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.     

油滴与铝合金壁面的碰撞试验

机械零部件喷油或滴油润滑方式下油滴与零件表面碰撞后形成的沉积油膜流动特性决定着零件表面润滑油膜的分布特征和零件的润滑状态,对于这一润滑现象的深入理解需要对油滴与金属固体壁面碰撞及其后沉积油膜的流动铺展行为进行研究。建立了油滴与铝合金壁面碰撞的试验装置,采用高速相机拍摄了油滴与铝合金壁面碰撞及其后沉积油膜的流动铺展与形貌演化过程,分析了碰撞油滴的变形及沉积油膜的铺展与回缩历程,探讨了碰撞条件和润滑油黏度对沉积油膜流动铺展特性的影响。结果表明:与铝合金壁面碰撞后形成的沉积油膜铺展较快而回缩较为缓慢,没有明显的整体回缩现象和振荡过程。较小碰撞角度下,铺展初期油滴与壁面之间存在轻微滑移现象,受重力和铺展能量的作用,铺展后期油膜发生断裂并溅射离开壁面,但没有二次油滴生成。前铺展因子随着碰撞角度的减小和碰撞速度的增加而增大,后铺展因子则随着两者的增大而增大。油滴直径对前、后铺展因子的影响不太明显。      

移动通信系统中扩频码的优选

本文通过对时分多址直接序列扩频移动通信系统中的扩频调制单元的研究,运用计算机模拟分析技术,对优选扩频码方案进行了论证,并重点讨论了选码过程中的部分相关性问题。最终获得了一组实用性较强的优选码组。     

基于压缩感知的DSSS信号双阶段捕获方法

针对直接序列扩频(DSSS,Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)信号的捕获性能与硬件消耗或计算复杂度的相互制约问题,基于压缩感知理论,提出了一种双阶段压缩捕获方法,第1阶段进行快速粗捕获,第2阶段在第1阶段基础上实现精确捕获.首先研究DSSS信号的相关域稀疏性,构造了稀疏变换矩阵;然后利用确定性沃尔什-阿达马矩阵,分别构造了2个阶段压缩测量矩阵及其检测算法;最后从检测概率和平均捕获时间两方面对提出算法的捕获性能进行了理论分析,并用蒙特卡罗法进行了验证.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该方法能够在显著降低相关次数的前提下,达到传统基于并行相关方法的捕获性能水平.