The asymmetrical features in electron density during extreme solar minimum

The variations of plasma density in topside ionosphere during 23rd/24th solar cycle minimum attract more attentions in recently years. In this analysis, we use the data of electron density (Ne) from DEMETER (Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite at the altitude of 660–710 km to investigate the solstitial and equinoctial asymmetry under geomagnetic coordinate system at LT (local time) 1030 and 2230 during 2005–2010, especially in solar minimum years of 2008–2009. The results reveal that ΔNe (December–June) is always positive over Southern Hemisphere and negative over northern part whatever at LT 1030 or 2230, only at 0–10°N the winter anomaly occurs with ΔNe (December–June) > 0, and its amplitude becomes smaller with the declining of solar flux from 2005 to 2009. The ΔNe between September and March is completely negative during 2005–2008, but in 2009, it turns to be positive at latitudes of 20°S–40°N at LT 1030 and 10°S–20°N at LT 2230. Furthermore, the solstitial and equinoctial asymmetry index (AI) are calculated and studied respectively, which all depends on local time, latitude and longitude. The notable differences occur at higher latitudes in solar minimum year of 2009 with those in 2005–2008. The equinoctial AI at LT 2230 is quite consistent with the variational trend of solar flux with the lowest absolute AI occurring in 2009, the extreme solar minimum, but the solstitial AI exhibits abnormal enhancement during 2008 and 2009 with bigger AI than those in 2005–2007. Compared with the neutral compositions at 500 km altitude, it illustrates that [O/N₂] and [O] play some roles in daytime and nighttime asymmetry of Ne at topside ionosphere.     

Mechanical Behavior of Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross-Winding Steel Wire Subject to Foundation Settlement

Plastic pipe reinforced by cross helically wound steel wires(PSP)is a new plastic-matrix steel composite pipe developed in China.To investigate the stress of PSP under foundation settlement,a finite element model(FEM)is proposed.The stresses and strains of PSP are obtained by the FEM analysis.The mechanic behavior of PSP subject to a foundation settlement is analyzed.Finally,the influence factor analysis of settlement deformation,such as settlement depth,overlying soil depth,diameter of PSP and inner pressure of PSP,are discussed.     

梯形翼高升力构型的数值模拟技术

基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和结构网格技术,采用亚跨超声速平台(TRIP3.0),数值模拟了美国国家航空航天局(NASA)梯形翼构型。研究了控制方程、网格密度、流动转捩和初始条件等不同影响因素对气动特性的影响。风洞试验是2002年在NASA Langley 14ft×22ft亚声速风洞中完成的,试验结果包括了基本气动力和力矩、表面压力系数和边界层速度型分布。计算结果与试验数据的比较表明:求解完全的RANS方程,提高了翼梢涡的模拟精度;网格密度主要影响翼梢涡的强度;转捩模型提高了边界层的模拟精度,进而提高了升力系数、俯仰力矩系数的模拟精度;最大升力系数及失速迎角对初始条件具有依赖性。     

Supertyphoon Hagibis action in the ionosphere on 6–13 October 2019: Results from multi-frequency multiple path sounding at oblique incidence

The purpose of the present paper is to describe the observations of the variations in the parameters of HF radio waves propagating through the ionosphere when the action of the super typhoon Hagibis on 6–13 October 2019 occurred. The observations have been made with the Harbin Engineering University (the People's Republic of China) multi-frequency multiple path radio system involving the software-defined technology. The action of the super typhoon has been shown to be accompanied by enhanced atmospheric wave activity acting to generate wave processes with periods of 10 to 120 min. Coupling in the atmosphere–upper-atmosphere–ionosphere system has been confirmed to be carried out with atmospheric gravity waves. The ionosphere underwent the greatest impact on those days when the supertyphoon had maximum energy, on 8, 10, and especially 9 October 2019, and when it was found to be in an ～2,500–3,000-km distance range from the propagation path midpoints. Under the action of wave processes, the height of the reflection region was observed to oscillate within the ±(30–90 km) limits. The amplitude of the quasi-periodic variations in the ionospheric F-region electron density was estimated to be 10–12% for periods of ～20 min, and 30–60% for periods of ～60–120 min. The joint action of the dusk terminator and the supertyphoon has been confirmed to enhance wave activity in the ionosphere. Similar effects for the dawn terminator have not been detected.     

基于CPHD的双层粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

常规基于势概率假设密度滤波(Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density,CPHD)的粒子滤波(Particle Fil? ter,PF)跟踪算法应用于多目标跟踪时,容易遇到因粒子数量增加而带来的运算效率下降、目标数目估计不准的问题。文章基于常规粒子滤波 CPHD跟踪算法,通过部署双层粒子,提出基于势概率假设密度滤波的双层粒子滤波 (Two-Layer Particle Filter-CPHD,TLPF-CPHD)算法,以便提高目标数目及状态估计精度。仿真实验结果证明,相比于常规 PF-CPHD算法,新算法具有更好的目标数目和状态估计准确性。     

白天大气层内星敏感器观星能力分析

利用星敏感器进行白天大气层内观星,首先要解决的问题是强天空背景的干扰。通过对白天天空背景和不同光谱恒星的特点进行分析,提出了光谱滤波和偏振成像加形态学滤波和多帧图像累加的技术路线,综合利用光学方法和图像处理方法提高观测对比度和信噪比。给出了白天观星的信噪比模型,并在不同天空背景偏振度条件下,得出了G、K、M光谱恒星的0至5等星的单帧图像信噪比和对应的使CCD(Charge Coupled Device,电荷耦合器件)接近饱和的极限曝光时间。结果表明:星等值越低,天空背景偏振度越大,则信噪比越高;同等条件下,信噪比由小到大依次为G、K、M光谱恒星;而对于低信噪比的图像,通过多帧累加后可满足观测的要求。     

激波风洞流场密度测量的聚焦纹影技术

在激波风洞试验中发展了聚焦纹影显示技术,对流场的密度进行了定量测量。聚焦纹影显示具有对流场区域聚焦显示的特点,可获得流场某个聚焦测试区域的密度变化信息。依据聚焦纹影成像原理建立了密度计算数学模型,对试验中获得的带窗口模型流场聚焦纹影图像与试验前获得的流场图像灰度变化处理后,得到了流场聚焦区域的密度定量值。试验测量密度值与数值计算结果进行了比较,结果表明试验获得的密度值变化规律与数值模拟吻合较好,证实了利用聚焦纹影技术开展流场密度测量是可行的。     

An improved multiple model GM-PHD filter for maneuvering target tracking

In this paper, an improved implementation of multiple model Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (MM-GM-PHD) filter is proposed. For maneuvering target tracking, based on joint distribution, the existing MM-GM-PHD filter is relatively complex. To simplify the filter, model conditioned distribution and model probability are used in the improved MM-GM-PHD filter. In the algorithm, every Gaussian components describing existing, birth and spawned targets are estimated by multiple model method. The final results of the Gaussian components are the fusion of multiple model estimations. The algorithm does not need to compute the joint PHD distribution and has a simpler computation procedure. Compared with single model GM-PHD, the algorithm gives more accurate estimation on the number and state of the targets. Compared with the existing MM-GM-PHD algorithm, it saves computation time by more than 30%. Moreover, it also outperforms the interacting multiple model joint probabilistic data association (IMMJPDA) filter in a relatively dense clutter environment.     

自相关回归法在地震地面运动功率谱分析中的应用

本文通过数值分析，对几个著名的地震记录的功率谱ARM解的特性作了讨论，并与高速富里衰变换（FFT）法的解进行了比较，讨论了ARM应用于各类地震记录的谱分析的适用性。比较结果表明：对于不同的地震记录，其功率谱的ARM解等价于按一定谱窗宽度平滑化的FFT法解。本研究还对赤池氏推荐的自相关回归次数的经验公式提出了修正意见。本研究的成果对于高层建筑抗震设计有一定的参考价值。     

Solar wind electron density and temperature over solar cycle 23: Thermal noise measurements on Wind

We present the solar wind plasma parameters obtained from the Wind spacecraft during more than nine years, encompassing almost the whole solar cycle 23. Since its launch in November 1994 Wind has frequently observed the in-ecliptic solar wind upstream of the Earth’s bow shock. The WIND/WAVES thermal noise receiver was specially designed to measure the in situ plasma thermal noise spectra, from which the electron density and temperature can be accurately determined. We present and discuss histograms of such measurements performed from 1994 to 2003. Using these large data sets, we study the density and core temperature variations with solar activity cycle and with different regimes of the solar wind. We confirm the anticorrelation of the electron density with the sunspot number, and obtain a positive correlation of the core temperature, with the sunspot number.