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31.
A number of studies have found that abnormal changes of dynamic derivatives occurred at very low reduced frequencies, but its inducement mechanism is not very clear. This paper has researched the abnormal changes and analyzed the influence on some parameters by solving the unsteady flow around forced oscillation airfoils based on Navier-Stokes equations. Results indicate that when the reduced frequency approaches to zero, the dynamic derivatives obtained by the numerical method will diverge. We have also proven it in theory that this phenomenon is not physical but completely caused by numerical singularity. Furthermore, the abnormal phenomenon can be effectively mitigated by using the time spectral method to solve the aerodynamic forces and the integral method to obtain the dynamic derivatives. When the reduced frequency is in the range of 0.001–0.01, the dynamic derivative maintains nearly unchanged for the whole speed region. This study can provide a reference for the reasonable choice of the reduced frequency in calculations and experiments of dynamic derivatives. 相似文献
32.
R.V. Semenyshyn A.N. VeklichI.L. Babich V.F. Boretskij 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO2–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out. 相似文献
33.
Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient. 相似文献
34.
从品质因数的原始定义出发,分别计算出简单RLC串、并联电路的品质因数,得到两个结论,并将其推广,提出了两种简单的计算品质因数的方法,最后通过求解一个实际的LC并联谐振电路的品质因数得到验证。 相似文献
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为发展冲压发动机性能工程预估方法,建立了面向一体化计算的整体式液体冲压发动机性能计算模型,并使其兼容基团贡献算法,提高了拓展性。利用模型分析了冲压发动机在攻角0°~6°、高度0~18km、马赫数2.0~3.5、余气系数1.0~2.9范围工况多维度连续变化下,比冲、推力系数和燃油质量流量的速度-高度特性、高度-节流特性、节流-速度特性以及攻角特性。研究结果表明:性能计算模型可在一体化计算条件下、基团贡献算法允许范围内,不依赖试验数据对冲压发动机性能预估,计算结果与技术参考值相比相对误差均小于14%。推力系数和比冲具有基本一致的速度-高度特性和相似的高度-节流特性,受燃气组分影响,推力系数和比冲的节流-速度特性差异明显。燃油质量流量的变化规律不同于比冲和推力系数,在进入平流层后呈现折缓趋势,而呈现连续性,速度越大、高度越低、余气系数越小,燃油质量流量越高,反之则越小。引入攻角以后,攻角越大,比冲和推力系数越低,进气道起动马赫数越高;攻角-起动马赫数曲线小范围内近似线性,攻角超过5.6°非线性加剧。 相似文献
39.
为改善面齿轮-圆柱齿轮两次载荷分流传动构型的均载特性,考虑齿轮的中心偏移、轴与轴承的承载变形等因素,依据构型的变形协调条件和力矩平衡方程,建立了传动构型的静力学模型,研究了轴的扭转和支撑刚度对均载特性的影响。结果表明:输入轴扭转刚度对均载特性几乎没有影响;分扭轴扭转刚度取合适的比值,则面齿轮分扭传动级可获得较好的均载特性,但圆柱齿轮分扭传动的均载特性几乎无变化;减小双联齿轮轴扭转刚度或增加双联轴支撑刚度可提高该构型的均载特性。因此,为提高该传动构型的均载特性,轴的扭转刚度和支撑刚度需采用参数匹配的设计方法。 相似文献
40.
无人机测控链路的稳定可靠是确保无人机充分发挥军事和民用效能的重要保证之一。针对无人机测控链路系统设计中的空间传播损耗精确计算问题,参考ITU-R(国际电信联盟无线电通信组)P.528传播损耗模型,从自由空间损耗、大气吸收损耗和可变损耗三个方面进行了仿真研究,获得了视距条件下三种损耗衰减值与传播频率、通信距离、通信终端高度等参数的一般关系。根据提出的传播损耗精确计算方法,对某无人机典型应用场景下的传播损耗进行了分析计算。与传统损耗模型的计算结果相比,采用的方法可以获得更加精确的计算结果,对无人机测控装备的设计研制具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献