Effects of Communication Methods on Communication Patterns and Performance in a Remote Spatial Orientation Task

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to examine the impact of communication methods (text-only, audio-only, and audio-plus-video) on communication patterns and effectiveness in a 2-person remote spatial orientation task. The task required a pair of participants to figure out the cardinal direction of a target object by communicating spatial information and perspectives. Results showed that overall effectiveness in the audio-only condition was better than the text-only and audio-plus-video conditions, and communication patterns were more predictive of errors than individual differences in spatial abilities. Discourse analysis showed that participants in the audio-plus-video condition performed less mental transformation of spatial information when communicating, which led to more interpretation errors by the listener. Participants in the text-only conditions performed less confirmation and made more errors by misreading their own display. Results suggested that speakers in the audio-plus-video condition minimized effort by communicating spatial information based on their own perspective but speakers in the audio-only and text-only conditions would more likely communicate transformed spatial information. Analysis of gestures in the audio-plus-video condition confirmed that iconic gestures tended to co-occur with spatial transformation. Iconic gesture rates were negatively correlated with transformation errors, indicating that iconic gestures more likely co-occurred with successful communication of spatial transformation. Results show that when visual interactive feedback is available, speakers tend to adopt egocentric spatial perspectives to minimize effort in mental transformation and rely on the feedback to ensure that the hearer correctly interprets the information. When visual interactive feedback is not available, speakers will put more effort in transforming spatial information to help the hearer to understand the information. The current result demonstrated that allowing two persons to see and communicate with each other during a remote spatial reasoning task can lead to more errors because of the use of a suboptimal communication strategy.     

金属热防护系统动力学建模研究

研究了金属热防护系统的动力学建模及简化计算方法.首先,给出了蜂窝结构面外的等效热导率、比热容、密度和弹性系数的表达式,并给出了算例验证;其次,建立了包括外层蜂窝、中间防热层、内层蜂窝、应变隔离层和承力结构的完整模型,研究了外表面受高温加热情况下结构的热力学响应及弯曲模态;最后,提出了带金属热防护系统的结构弯曲热模态计算...     

新舟60飞机敏捷制造生产模式

分析新舟60飞机目前生产模式中存在的不足,提出利用现代化管理技术及方法建立新舟60飞机敏捷制造生产模式的思路和实施方法,建议改变现行的计划经济管理模式,采用敏捷制造方式,以应对新舟60飞机的客户化和快速交付需求,提高新舟60飞机的市场反应速度,促进公司民机的大发展。     

运载火箭/航天器耦合分支模态综合法(上)

将运载火箭作为主结构、航天器作为分支子结构,分别采用自由界面模态展开定理和固定界面模态展开定理,导出分支模态综合法,进行运载火箭/航天器组合模型响应分析.进而,采用界面约束模态质量的界面加速度,导出航天器载荷估计方法,这时的运载火箭与航天器连接界面可以是静定的或静不定的.当仅考虑连接界面是静定的情况,界面约束模态质量将...     

基于滑模控制的末端能量管理方法

简要介绍了末端能量管理的研究情况,然后对末端能量管理段进行轨迹规划。在轨迹规划的基础上,设计基于滑模变结构控制的制导律,对轨迹进行跟踪,对能量进行管理。仿真结果表明,滑模变结构控制在末端能量管理制导中合理、有效,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Nonlinear flutter wind tunnel test and numerical analysis of folding fins with freeplay nonlinearities

The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numerical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroelastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.     

How Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention

Abstract

Research has demonstrated navigational aids impair spatial memory, but has not considered important spatial cognitive concepts. For example, impairment may stem from spatial perspective switches between route-based aids and survey-based memory assessments. Further, the verbal format of aid instructions may selectively interfere with verbal working memory (VWM). To address these potential explanations, participants navigated desktop virtual environments in a goal-directed manner. In each within-participants condition, participants either navigated with a verbal or tonal aid that presented mixed spatial perspective instructions or without aid. Both aids yielded slight navigational advantages and steep spatial memory costs despite their mixed perspective instructions. The equivalent impairment between information formats suggests navigational aids impair spatial memory by dividing attention rather than selective interference of VWM.     

马克思论资本主义股份制--《资本论》思想研究之二

资本主义股份制是资本主义生产方式范围内的一种消极扬弃,马克思在<资本论>中对此做了深刻的阐述.马克思强调,资本主义股份制的产生带来私人资本向社会资本转化及私人企业向社会企业转化的社会进步;具有扩大生产规模聚集能力的资本主义股份制是资本主义生产方式向联合的生产方式转化的过渡形式.     

Space,Language and Ontology: A Response to Davis

Abstract

Ernest Davis' article “Qualititative Spatial Reasoning in Interpreting Text and Narrative” discusses challenges that the interpretation of natural language appears to raise for the formalization of commonsense spatial reasoning. Davis finds these to be of “surprising logical complexity,” but also “erratic” in that they do not show a logical structuring of the problem space that could guide productive research. In this response I argue that much of the apparent lack of structure Davis laments is due to the very style of formal modeling he pursues. By augmenting logical considerations with substantial input from other disciplines and by adopting a heterogeneous and modular approach to formalization, I suggest that the problem space is by no means as ill-structured as Davis presents it.     

对高等院校培养创新型商务人才的思考

在知识经济时代，社会在突飞猛进地发展。为了更好地适应发展中的时代，高等院校必须要更新教育观念，深化教育改革，构建高校创新型人才培养模式，担负起全面推进素质教育，培养高素质的创新型人才的历史使命。