航天器新型非奇异饱和终端滑模姿态控制

针对刚体航天器姿态机动过程中存在的控制饱和与外部干扰问题,提出一类基于新型非奇异饱和终端滑模面的有限时间控制器设计方法。该控制方案不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题。此外,本文建议的控制器不仅显式考虑执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值要求,使航天器在饱和幅值的约束下完成姿态控制任务,而且控制器的设计对外部干扰的上界没有任何要求,也无需作任何小角度的假设。进一步的稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型非奇异饱和终端滑模,该控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,继而收敛到平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态机动过程中的性能。     

Selecting a reference frame

Reference frames are representations that parse space. In the case of spatial terms, reference frames mediate the mapping of linguistic expressions onto spatial configurations of objects. In the sentence ``The fly is above the cat,' ``above' is defined with respect to a reference frame that is imposed on the cat. Different types of reference frames can be used to define spatial terms, each based on a different source of information. For example, gravity, the orientation of objects in the scene or the orientation of the viewer can all be used to set the orientation of a reference frame. When these reference frames disagree (because the viewer is reclining or because the objects in the scene are overturned), there are competing definitions for the spatial term, resulting in the need for reference frame selection. The purpose of this paper is to review a line of research that examines reference frame selection in the context of spatial language. This work shows that all reference frames are initially active and assign a direction to a spatial term. Moreover, this activation is automatic, and is followed by the selection of a single reference frame, with selection accompanied by inhibition of the non-selected frames. Parallels between reference frame selection in language and in perception and attention are discussed.     

基于EMD及PNN的航天器振动环境分析

针对航天器非平稳随机振动信号模态频率密集的特点,提出了基于经验模式分解EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition)的多分量过程神经网络PNN(Process Neural Network)自回归模型.通过EMD对原始时间序列进行分解, 使之成为一组不同尺度的局部正交本征模函数IMF(Intrinsic Mode Functions),利用PNN对每个IMF分别进行时变参数分析并以此确定其时变自功率谱密度,对所有分量的时变自功率谱密度通过叠加进行重构, 以此得到原始信号的时变自功率谱密度.仿真结果和实例分析表明:和传统的时频分析法相比,该方法直接使用信号数据,避免了相关估计计算,减小了计算工作量;无交叉干扰项,提高了信号的时频分布特性,具有较高的时频分辨率;对各工况下航天器的振动信号能有效的进行分析,具有较强的信号特征提取能力.      

基于比例分配的过驱动碟形飞行器滑模控制

为了避免一些执行机构提前出现饱和,针对具有位置约束的过驱动碟形飞行器,按照执行机构的约束范围,提出了一种比例分配策略.基于该策略,可以使双输入系统简化成单输入系统,并避免有执行机构提前出现饱和.考虑执行机构具有一阶动态特性和系统气动参数的不确定性,设计了滑模控制律.通过比例分配和伪逆分配的比较,得出了一种确定伪逆分配权矩阵的方法.仿真结果表明了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

反作用飞轮速率模式控制系统设计

反作用飞轮是卫星姿态控制系统的重要执行元件，速率模式是反作用飞轮一种工作模式，提高飞轮速率模式控制系统的性能对卫星姿态控制系统具有重要意义。详细讨论了反作用飞轮系统的数学模型，在此基础上实现了反作用飞轮速率模式控制系统设计。实验飞轮运行结果表明，设计的反作用飞轮速率模式控制系统能够抑制飞轮内部干扰和噪声，精确复现速率指令。灵敏度分析证明飞轮系统具有较好的鲁棒性。     

空间非编码标记特征点中心定位方法与比较

归纳总结了应用于可见光测量的空间标记非编码设计原则,例举了棋盘格型、栅格型、圆型等3种典型的非编码标记图案设计,分别阐述了各标记特征点中心定位方法和计算过程,开展了对比试验,结果表明：圆型非编码标记图案设计及其特征点中心定位精度明显高于其他两种图案,其图案设计简捷、特征点突出易于识别、在像平面中呈现各向同性、点中心定位精度高、计算速度快、噪声抑制能力强。     

GPS接收抗多径效应技术综述

多径效应是GPS测量尤其是差分GPS主要的误差来源,会引起定位精确度的恶化,导致系统性能的下降。分析了多径误差对GPS定位的影响并给出了几种通用的GPS抗多径技术,并分析了其优缺点。     

高校图书馆知识服务模式研究

知识服务是图书情报领域适应知识经济社会发展需求的必然选择,也是高校图书馆服务方式与内容的拓展与深化。通过分析教育教学目标下用户的知识需求,提出构建出面向教育教学的高校图书馆知识服务模式。     

压力敏感涂料特性及其校准技术实验研究

 精细化的校准技术和涂料特性研究是影响压力敏感涂料(PSP)测量技术测量精度及其工程应用的重要因素。为此以PSP地面实验测量系统为主要平台,进行了国产PSP的静态校准和光降解实验,基于自主编制的PSP静态校准图像后处理程序研究了PSP压力、温度灵敏度之外所展现出的重要特性。研究结果表明:一定压力范围内,PSP的Stern-Volmer响应曲线呈现出较为明显的非线性,在校准中应采取高阶Stern-Volmer关系式进行拟合;在均匀压力和温度下,不同样片区域的校准结果呈现出空间不均匀性,这种不均匀性会影响PSP的校准精度;PSP存在光降解效应,其降解曲线在一定时间内近似为线性。同时,本文还简要分析了其产生机理以及对PSP测量精度的影响,初步提出了相应的评估指标及改进措施。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.