一种基于极大似然估计的信号盲抽取算法

针对盲信号抽取问题,根据极大似然估计原理,给出一种基于极大似然估计的分步盲抽取算法。根据信号不同的延时特性确立抽取信号,完成第一步抽取。由于初步抽取信号存在噪声污染,根据极大似然估计,估计抽取信号的概率密度函数,确立优化代价函数,利用自然梯度方法进行优化,确立最终抽取向量迭代方式,完成对抽取信号优化处理。通过仿真证明算法具有良好的收敛性和抗噪性,在SNR17 d B时,抽取信号与源信号的相似度达到95%。     

Human Four-Dimensional Spatial Judgments of Hyper-Volume

The dimensionality limitation of human spatial representations has been a long-lasting, unsolved issue in psychology, mathematics, and philosophy. The present study examined the possibility of human four-dimensional spatial representations using a spatial judgment task on hyper-volume, a novel property unique to higher dimensional space. Observers studied visual simulations of random wireframe hyper-tetrahedrons (4-simplexes) rotating around the y-z plane and judged their hyper-volume by adjusting the size of a 4-D block. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant correlation between the responses and the actual hyper-volume but not the definition-based, lower-dimensional cues such as the mean 3-D volume, providing empirical evidence of human 4-D spatial representations that can support judgments of certain novel, high-dimensional properties.     

颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

A systematic spatial bias in remembering eye positions

Categorical bias in location memory in geometric spaces is well established. The present study assessed the presence of the bias in locating eyes in images of human faces. Participants were presented with digital faces and indicated the position of one of the eyes in both upright and inverted orientations. Biases resulted from participants using multiple sources of accessible information. No differences were found for upright vs. inverted face images. Overall, the data were consistent with the retrieval category adjustment model. These distortions may be considered within the forensic context, when eyewitnesses work with a sketch artist or use a computer program to generate an image of the culprit.     

Assessment of between-floor structural and topological properties on cognitive map development in multilevel built environments

The present study investigated cognitive map development in multilevel built environments. Three experiments were conducted in complex virtual buildings to examine the effects of five between-floor structural factors that may impede the accuracy of humans’ ability to build multilevel cognitive maps. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 (of three experiments) revealed that difficulties in developing multilevel cognitive maps are not solely caused by the z-axis offset, as is suggested in the literature, but are due to the factorial combination of a between-floor overlap and a z-axis offset. Results from Experiment 2 showed that this process becomes substantially more difficult when the reference directions between different floors have an angular offset from each other. Finally, results from Experiment 3 demonstrated that confusing between-floor heading shifts in aligned buildings did not make it reliably harder to build multilevel cognitive maps. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theories of mental representations in multilayered three-dimensional spaces, as well as for architectural design.     

Coordinating signs and eye gaze in the depiction of directions and spatial scenes by fluent and L2 signers of Norwegian Sign Language

The current study investigates the coordination of signs and eye gaze during depictions of directions and spatial scenes by fluent and second language (L2) signers of Norwegian Sign Language. First, findings show that fluent and L2 signers make different choices regarding the perspective they use to depict spatial scenes. Second, there is variation within and across groups in relation to how eye gaze is directed during these depictions. Findings suggest that eye gaze is used to establish a vantage point upon a depicted scene, but L2 learners may not always engage in this type of coordination. This study contributes to our understanding of how visual perspective is depicted in signed languages and has implications for signed language pedagogy.     

实数域中的投影法及其在单次快摄阵处理中的应用

阵列处理中计算简单的投影法避免了矩阵特征分解(ＥＶＤ)的庞大计算量,然而仍需进行复数计算。为了进一步减小计算量,提出一种实数域中的投影法,它将投影矩阵及空间谱的计算均简化为实数的计算,从而。使阵处理的计算量大大减少,而且使估计性能保持不变。计算机模拟与实际外场实验数据的计算结果表明了算法的有效性。     

Al2O3—Ti系梯度功能材料的优化设计

对Ａｌ３Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了弹性有限元法分析。讨论了梯度层数目,梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响,优化出了各项最佳参数。非线度功能材料与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热应力对比结果显示;梯度功能材料缓和热应力的效果十分显著。     

基于双时相遥感影像差异信息的深度学习滑坡检测

目前利用高分辨率卫星影像进行滑坡等地质灾害识别逐渐成为研究热点,滑坡目视解译依赖于解译人员的经验,耗时费力且提取精度低,而传统的滑坡自动识别方法易将滑坡和道路、裸地、建筑等多种具有相似光谱信息的地物混淆。针对以上问题,文章使用一种双时相高分辨率卫星影像差异信息的深度学习滑坡检测算法,获取时序影像各个波段和归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）的差异影像作为深度学习的输入特征。为充分挖掘滑坡前后影像多种信息差异特征,采用了U-net网络模型耦合空洞空间金字塔池化和嵌入注意力机制模块相结合进行滑坡特征提取的方法,该方法增强了滑坡边界信息的保存,能够有效地提取滑坡边界信息和发生剧烈变化的区域。利用上述方法对恩施市和九寨沟进行了滑坡检测,实验结果显示,所取得的综合评价指标值（F1-Score）分别为88.4%和90.53%,误差较小、精度较高。表明该方法能够准确检测出高分卫星数据的滑坡边界,且能保持滑坡的完整性。     

基于事件驱动的容积卡尔曼滤波定位算法

以网络化非线性滤波系统为研究对象,为了平衡系统的通信率和滤波精度之间的矛盾,引入随机事件驱动（stochastic event-triggered）的思想,并在此基础上建立了基于残差检测的事件驱动（detected event-triggered）模型。针对系统的强非线性,将线性随机事件驱动滤波系统中的更新结论推广至非线性系统,推导了两种事件驱动机制在容积卡尔曼滤波（CKF）算法框架中的滤波更新过程,得到了检测事件驱动CKF（DECKF）和随机事件驱动CKF（SECKF）两种算法。最后,通过天基平台空间目标跟踪问题对算法性能进行检验。仿真结果表明,当通信率下降20.64%时,DECKF算法的位置跟踪精度和速度跟踪精度相比标准CKF仅下降了5.50%和7.74%。此外,在通信率相同的情形下,DECKF比SECKF的精度高40%以上,证明检测事件驱动模式优于随机事件驱动模式。