武装直升机空战关键技术问题研究

本文论述了武装直升机空战的几个关键技术问题。首先建立了简化的武装直升机空战动力学和运动学模型,阐明了模型简化的具体方法;其次给出了直升机空战的结构图,并分析了空战的基本原理,同时简述了空战机动策略的选取原则,描述了直升机空战的基本特征;最后系统地说明了直升机空战中的航路规划技术,并提出了未来旋翼机的设想。     

合资企业中跨国公司技术控制的管理策略

20世纪90年代，我国政府实施了“以市场换技术”的技术引进战略，但是由于跨国公司通过控制其在华合资企业的公司治理结构、业务流程、人力资源、企业文化和管理制度进行技术控制，导致我国并没有像预想的一样顺利地得到跨国公司的先进技术。鉴于此，合资企业中的中方企业应该注意优秀科技和经营管理人才的培养和招聘，加大自己的研发投资力度、丰富研发合作的方式、完善研发投资体系。政府也应该不断地调整政策，使得政策有利于中方企业的发展。     

上海发展商务旅游的SWOT分析与对策

上海作为一个国际性的商业都市，要结合自身特色发展旅游。从上海市的商务旅游现状出发，运用SWOT分析方法，从优势、劣势、机遇和挑战等方面对上海发展商务旅游的环境进行了具体的分析，指出上海发展商务旅游既充满机遇又充满挑战。上海要把握住2010年世博会的机遇，发展商务旅游；树立正确的商务旅游观念，建立专业机构，加强对硬件及软件设施的投入，打牢商务旅游的基础；寻求和创造新的机会，制定商务旅游营销策略，积极开拓商务旅游市场。     

TBCC飞行器发动机尺寸选型及爬升策略设计

针对临近空间高速飞行器爬升航迹问题,提出了一种涡轮冲压组合发动机尺寸选型的依据和一种固体火箭助推器辅助加速的爬升策略。以本文设计的一型临近空间高速飞行器为原型,基于hp自适应Radau伪谱法开展爬升航迹优化研究,将最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题,以爬升消耗燃料质量最小为目标,利用序列二次规划算法求解最优航迹。在此基础上,分析了涡轮冲压组合发动机尺寸选型和采用固体火箭助推器加速爬升策略对爬升航迹和巡航航程的影响。结果表明,选取合理的发动机尺寸和助推器辅助爬升策略,均可有效减少飞行器爬升消耗燃料质量,提升巡航航程。     

冗余空间机械臂抓捕自旋卫星后的消旋控制

旨在提出一种运动学冗余空间机器人抓捕自旋卫星后的消旋策略和协调控制方法。首先,给出运动学冗余空间机器人捕获目标后的动力学模型,作为协调控制器设计基础。然后,基于四阶Bézier曲线和满足特定约束的自适应微分进化(Differential Evolution, DE)算法提出抓捕后的最优消旋与路径规划策略,最优消旋策略中同时考虑对消旋时间和控制力矩进行优化。提出一种跟踪所设计参考轨迹的协调控制方法,调整基座的姿态达到期望值。所提方法有效地衰减了自旋卫星的初始角速度,同时实现对基座姿态的控制。文末给出利用7 DOF冗余空间机械臂消除目标自旋运动的仿真结果,表明所提方法的有效性。     

基于北斗短报文的远程图像通信系统设计

北斗短报文功能在国防、民生和应急救援等领域都具有很强的应用价值。利用北斗短报文通信费用低廉的优点,设计了一款可进行远程图像传输的系统。针对北斗短报文通信的局限性,提出了相应的数据传输机制以保证远程数据传输的可靠性与有效性,并对系统功能进行了验证。测试结果表明,系统能够较快地完成图像数据传输的功能。     

State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

A self-healing strategy with fault-cell reutilization of bio-inspired hardware

The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on permanent faults inside the modules of cells such as the function module and the configuration register, while little attention is paid to transient faults. From the point of view of obtaining high efficiency of hardware utilization, it would be a huge waste of hardware resources by permanent elimination when a cell only suffers a transient fault which can be repaired by a configuration mechanism. A new self-healing strategy, the Fault-Cell Reutilization Self-healing Strategy(FCRSS) which presents a method for reusing transient fault cells, is proposed in this paper. The circuit structures of all the modules in the cells are described in detail. In the new strategy, two processes of elimination and reconfiguration are combined. Within the process of fault-cell elimination, cells with transient faults in the embryonics circuit array could be reused simultaneously to replace the functions of the cells on their left side in the same row. Therefore, transient fault-cells in a transparent state can be reconfigured to realize the fault-cell reutilization. Finally,a circuit simulation, resource consumption, a reliability analysis and a detailed normalization analysis are presented. The FCRSS can improve the hardware utilization rate and system reliability at the expense of a small amount of hardware resources and reconfiguration time. Following the conclusion, the method of determining the optimal self-healing strategy is presented according to the environmental conditions.     

基于危险评估的自动紧急避撞控制策略

基于车辆危险评估机制,设计了一种集成制动和转向的汽车自动紧急避撞控制策略。首先结合车辆安全性和最优换道轨迹,分析了在紧急工况下车辆制动和转向避撞临界纵向距离,然后建立了基于模糊推理的危险评估模型,该模型输出的危险因子反映车辆发生碰撞的危险程度,并以此建立汽车自动紧急避撞控制策略。最后基于PreScan和MATLAB/Simulink的虚拟平台仿真验证该控制策略的有效性。结果表明自车在跟车行驶时,对比基于碰撞时间倒数(TTC~(-1))单一全制动无法有效避开障碍物的危险工况,该避撞策略能够通过制动和自主换道来避免车辆发生碰撞,提高了车辆安全性。     

新型运载火箭低温加注工艺流程及控制策略研究

运载火箭的不断更新换代,对科学的加注工艺提出了更高的要求。以某新型火箭液氧低温加注系统为研究对象,依据低温推进剂的加注结构特点,设计了液氧低温加注工艺流程及相应的控制策略,即以流量为控制目标的PID-DMC串级控制算法。采用分层控制策略,科学合理地通过调节阀门开关控制储罐压力大小,最终达到控制复杂加注系统的目的,并将其应用于某加注任务实践,取得了较好的效果,有效地提高了加注系统的可靠性、安全性。研究结果对新型火箭加注及决策具有实际指导作用。