浅析检查方法的选择对维修成本的影响

维修工作贯穿于飞机的整个生命周期,产生高额的维修成本,如何降低维修成本是航空公司面临的一个重要课题。本文从检查方法和损伤容限概念的角度出发,详细阐述了在保证飞机安全的前提下,如何降低飞机维修成本。     

The Hidden Costs of Reliability and Failure in Launch Systems

In comparing the costs of different launch vehicles, the possibility of the risk of failure is assumed to be accounted for by the cost of insurance. The satellite may be insured against loss during launch, and the launch services provider may offer a free relaunch. However, actual costs of reliability and failure extend beyond this. Each failure necessitates an investigation and a get well programme by the operating agency, while putting the operations team on hold until services can resume. A commercial operator may also lose customer revenue and actual customers through loss of confidence or unavailability. Such costs tend to be hidden, and not evaluated in assessing the effectiveness of a system, but count towards total costs. Failure investigations help to improve system reliability, but this could equally have been achieved by expenditure in development and qualification. Reusable launch vehicles will have different costs associated with reliability and failure. The relationship between reliability and cost, properly assessed, ought to influence the design of both expendable and reusable launch systems.     

Cost Engineering – The new paradigm for space launch vehicle design

The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture.     

伴飞诱饵支援条件下无人飞行器协同作战效能研究

针对复杂的威胁环境，介绍了伴飞诱饵在体系作战条件下的应用情况；基于排队论的突防概率模型，研究了伴飞诱饵支援条件下，无人飞行器的协同突防概率和效费比：提出了作战体系作战时效性的概念；建立了火力对抗条件下无人飞行器打击防空导弹防御体系的Lanchester方程，利用所建模型分析了伴飞诱饵对作战时效性的贡献。研究表明，排队论和Lanchester方程用于伴飞诱饵条件下的无人飞行器协同作战效能研究是有效的。     

多功能厅岛型舞台采用喷口送风空调方式的数值分析

利用CFD技术,以某多功能厅为例,对该多功能厅岛型舞台空调采用喷口送风的三种气流组织方式下的温度场和速度场进行了数值模拟,从舒适节能的角度对三种气流气流组织方式进行了分析比较。结果表明,喷口对喷的送风方式具有流场对称的特点,但喷口射程偏小容易在中间区域形成涡流高温区,影响人员的舒适性。受灯光渡桥影响,屋顶回风的方式回风温度偏高,不利于空调系统节能。最后得出,喷口送风,灯光渡桥局部排风、下回风为针对此类建筑的最佳气流组织方式,从而可以为以后此类建筑的空调设计提供参考。     

复杂系统的可靠性分配和优化

在考虑成本的基础上,通过建立一种实用的成本-可靠度函数和非线性规划模型,将对组件的可靠性最优分配的问题转化为对非线性规划问题的求解,从而为复杂系统可靠性的最优化问题提出了一种新的方法.对于非线性规划问题,为获得具有实际意义的数值解,提出了一种具有自适应的改进型遗传算法,对非线性规划问题求解,解决了更复杂结构系统可靠性分配的优化问题.      

低轨巨型星座构型设计与控制研究进展与展望

近年来低轨星座计划发展迅速,低轨巨型星座已成为全球争夺空间战略资源的"新战场".首先,概述了Telesat、OneWeb、Starlink等低轨巨型星座计划的发展现状,以及中国互联网星座计划的基本情况.在此基础上,分别从星座的任务需求、覆盖特性、摄动补偿和备份策略4个方面,综述了星座的构型设计方法及其特点.然后,根据卫...     

定期更换的机械产品寿命费用分析

针对定期更换的机械产品寿命周期费用问题，提出了罚函数的方法，有么表征由于产品没有工作到预期的寿命而引起的附加费用。采用两种基本形式的罚函数进行了详细的数学推导与论证，并用数值积分优化定其更换周期，使单位时间的费用达到最小值。     

激光选区烧结金属粉末的研究(英文)

采用激光选区烧结的方法 ,对铜、镍 -铜混合粉末进行了一系列激光烧结试验。分析了烧结过程中出现的现象 ,讨论了工艺参数对金属粉末烧结成形的影响 ,用带能谱的扫描电镜、X光衍射等手段分析了多层烧结体不同区域的成分、组织形貌和相结构特征。初步探讨了金属粉末直接烧结成形的基本机理 ,为金属粉末的激光快速成形提供了依据。