Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

雷达信号时差频差测量定位工程实现技术研究

针对星载时差频差无源定位系统对地海面雷达信号定位工程实现需要考虑的实际问题,对雷达信号时差频差测量关键技术进行研究.首先研究了雷达信号时差频差测量方法,然后研究了双星时差频差模糊条件并提出解模糊方法,最后,研究了长时间积累对到达频差的影响,给出随时间变化频差补偿方法.     

绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的影响——基于研发投入强度的调节作用

随着我国经济的高速发展,生态问题日渐凸显.通过技术创新处理好经济发展和生态效益的关系成为实现绿色发展的内在要求.本文利用94家创业板制造业上市公司2014-2017年的数据,采用广义最小二乘法对绿色技术创新、研发投入强度与企业成长绩效之间的关系进行实证分析,探讨了绿色技术创新对企业成长绩效的直接影响,并对研发投入强度的...     

吉时利2750在真空热试验测量系统中的应用

真空热试验测量系统是空间环境模拟设备的重要分系统.文章对真空热试验测量需求进行了简单介绍,对采用吉时利2750数字多用表实现的1000点测量系统进行了说明,主要包括:测量系统的结构设计和通讯方式选择、测量信号输入多路转换开关的选择、测量信号输入分线箱设计,提出了一种多主机并行的快速测量方法,并给出了测量参数.应用结果表明:该系统运行稳定可靠,测量数据准确无误.     

电磁测力系统研究

介绍了电磁测力系统中静磁场分析与优化、通电线圈位置控制方法及提高线性度的自校准方法。运用Maxwell 3D进行仿真计算,得到了相对优化的磁密及磁均匀性,通过控制通电线圈在磁场中位置及分段线性微分技术,提高了电磁测力准确度。构建了试验装置,对比试验数据表明,该研究措施对于提高电磁测力准确度取得了较好效果。     

含多部位损伤搭接结构应力强度因子三维有限元分析

应力强度因子(Stress intensity factor,SIF)分析是含多部位损伤(Multiple site damage,MSD)结构剩余强度和裂纹扩展寿命预测的基础和关键。考虑接触与摩擦,建立了含MSD搭接结构的三维有限元模型,研究了不同裂纹长度、铆钉类型以及损伤模式下裂纹尖端SIF分布情况和变化规律。结果表明,搭接件孔边裂纹Ⅰ型SIF起主导作用,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型SIF可忽略不计。由于次弯曲、铆钉变形和板厚度等因素,SIF在外表面最小,接触面一侧较大,最大值多位于蒙皮内部。MSD会使裂纹间的干涉作用增强,SIF增大,且裂纹间距离越近干涉作用越强。裂纹长度相同时,埋头铆钉的孔边裂纹SIF积分均值大于平头铆钉,且接触面的SIF埋头铆钉大于平头铆钉,外表面则相反。     

无人车基于激光雷达/视觉的目标体积自动测量方法

近些年,基于激光雷达和视觉的目标感知在无人系统中得到了广泛应用。目标的体积测量在很多应用场景可以发挥极其重要的作用,然而对识别感知目标的体积测量,目前尚无大量研究。首次提出了一种基于激光雷达/视觉的无人车目标体积自动测量方法,实现了无人车与目标体积测量功能的结合。通过在LeGO-LOAM算法中加入点云畸变补偿,相较于原始LeGO-LOAM算法,无人车在高速情况下的构图精度得到提升;通过将激光雷达与视觉进行深度融合,实现了目标的自动识别与全局定位;通过基于平面拟合的地面分割与欧式聚类,实现了目标点云轮廓的实时获取;通过设计一种基于切片法的不规则物体体积测量方法,实现了无人车在运动情况下对目标体积的自动估计。最终,分别通过Gazebo仿真和实际试验验证了算法的有效性。试验结果表明,所提算法在无人车运动的情况下对静态目标物的实时体积测量精度优于3%,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

MEMS惯测技术在管道测绘系统中的应用

针对小口径管道的测绘问题,提出了一种MEMS惯测装置在小管道测绘系统中应用的方法,直接利用地标点信息为MEMS惯测装置装订初始方位,采用因子图理论对惯性/里程计组合导航信息进行处理,通过后续处理对装订误差进行修正,解决了MEMS惯测装置无法完成初始对准的问题。给出了惯性/里程计组合导航的因子图以及和积算法递推公式,并通过牵引试验对所提方法进行了验证。试验结果表明,提出的应用方法能够有效解决小口径管道的测绘问题,在100m间隔的路标点条件下,单边定位精度能够达到5cm。     

涡轴发动机燃气涡轮叶片动应力测试技术研究及验证

针对涡轴发动机高转速燃气涡轮叶片动应力测试中出现的应变计短路、高温导线断裂和线芯窜动问题,开展了动应力测试技术研究。提出了加宽基底喷涂固定应变计、优化高温导线布线、改进高温导线等工艺方法,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,共振转速试验测试值与计算值基本一致,共振转速测试结果准确有效。通过研究,获得了具有实际应用价值的涡轴发动机燃气涡轮叶片动应力测试技术,可为同类测量提供参考。