应用于中继卫星通信系统的16QAM-TCM技术研究

网格编码调制技术可以在不改变信息传输频谱带宽的条件下,改善信噪比,减少发射功率,降低误码率,其实现的方法是分割星座图形成子集,逐步增大星座图中信号点之间的最小欧氏距离。本论文在项目组自研的中继卫星通信系统仿真平台上,仿真了8PSK与16QAM-TCM两种调制技术的解调性能,仿真曲线反映了误比特率需求与所需信噪比之间的关系。仿真结果表明：① 在理想信道条件、I/Q（Inphase/Quadrature, 同相/正交）幅相不平衡、幅频特性、群时延、相位噪声、功率放大器饱和点条件下,假设误比特率需求为1E-7,16QAM-TCM技术的信噪比需求与8PSK调制技术的信噪比需求相比,分别可节省8.85 dB、9.04 dB、8.45 dB、10.2 dB、8.5 dB、14.6 dB的信噪比;② 在非线性信道条件下,当信噪比增大时,8PSK调制技术的误比特率在1E-3数量级附近波动,不再变化;③ 假设需求的误比特率为1E-7,16QAM-TCM调制技术非线性信道信噪比仿真值与理想信道信噪比仿真值相比,损失了4.8 dB。     

电流型双向多脉冲变流器

提出了两种电流型双向多脉冲变流器的拓扑结构,实现了传统多脉冲整流器能量的双向流动。当其运行于逆变器状态时,变流器等效为一个电流型多重化逆变器,相较于传统分立式电流型多重化逆变器,此变流器具有电源与磁性元件数量少、系统体积小等优点。以18脉冲双向变流器为例,详细介绍了其工作原理,求出了18脉冲变流器总谐波失真(Total harmonic distortion,THD)最小时,各电平作用角度,提出了一种脉宽调制方式以实现交直流侧电压电流调节。最后通过仿真与硬件实验验证了所提系统的可行性。     

日心悬浮轨道混合推进航天器编队构型保持研究

针对混合推进航天器编队日心悬浮轨道保持控制问题进行了研究.首先推导出在日心悬浮轨道附近的航天器编队相对运动方程,考虑到航天器间距离变化值较小且航天器间距离与航天器到太阳的距离的比值为小量,将其在悬浮轨道附近线性化.基于该线性化方程,设计了一种LQR编队控制方式,该控制方式可通过调节太阳帆的姿态及航天器间库仑力的大小对编队构型进行改变或保持,具有响应速度快和控制简单的特点.最后对控制律进行数值仿真,表明该控制方法能实现编队.     

UltraFlex太阳翼有序展开动力学建模与分析

针对刚柔耦合的圆形薄膜UltraFlex太阳翼结构动力学建模与分析困难、微重力下薄膜运动复杂和展开精度要求高的问题,搭建了UltraFlex展开动力学数值分析模型,分析了扭簧和绳索驱动下UltraFlex的有序展开动力学特性。基于绝对坐标方法建立包含柔性附件和柔性薄膜的UltraFlex动力学模型,采用两步检测算法处理薄膜间的复杂接触碰撞问题,利用扭簧逐步释放扭矩的方法驱动结构有序展开,通过控制绳索释放速率的方法完成移动箱板的转动规划和限位跟踪,提高展开位置精度。将该展开驱动策略运用到NASA实际样机尺寸的UltraFlex分析模型中,仿真结果表明该展开策略能够使得UltraFlex结构高精度、有序、稳定地展开;绳索始终处于张紧状态,最大拉力为62.5N;薄膜展开过程复杂,重复出现张紧、回弹的现象,最终趋于稳定。     

无电压限幅环节的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制技术

在电机高速弱磁或过载要求高的情况下,需要通过脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的过调制运行提高直流母线电压利用率。基于磁链观测的无传感器永磁同步电机矢量控制(磁场导向控制,FOC)技术具有算法简单、易实现等优点,但在过调制的情况下电压限幅环节会引起磁链观测及转子位置角估算误差。为提高PWM过调制情况下系统的控制性能,对传统的FOC控制框图进行了改进,省去了电压限幅环节并利用由占空比计算的实际电压对定子磁链进行估算。MATLAB仿真验证了改进方法的有效性。研究结果表明:该方法充分利用PWM调制自有的限幅特性,既能简化控制算法又能提高磁链观测精度,具有较好的技术经济性能。     

水空两栖太阳能四旋翼气动特性研究

太阳能四旋翼无人机结合了太阳能飞行器和四旋翼飞行器的优点,已受到广泛关注,但由于太阳能板的存在,旋翼的安装高度和轴距会对整机的气动效能产生影响。通过基于粒子法格子玻尔兹曼技术的XFlowCFD软件,对太阳能四旋翼无人机的整机流场进行非定常数值模拟,并分析该飞行器的气动特性。结果表明:旋翼高度对整机升力的影响较小,旋翼的安装轴距越大整机的升力越大,其主要原因是轴距较小时,旋翼产生的下洗流冲击在太阳能板上,对整机产生气动干扰。     

一种测量固体推进剂瞬态燃速的新微波法

简要介绍国外现有微波测量固体推进剂瞬态燃速的方法。提出一种建立于单边带调制技术的新微波测量法。新法采用了一个微波燃速传感器,它能直接获得微波多普勒变化量,具有低值、便携的优点,因此适用于工程现场测试。本文比较了滤波法和相移法,采用相移法能进一步提高瞬态燃速的分辨率。     

基于参数化的航空发动机管路调频方法研究

运用有限元方法,通过计算机仿真,分析了航空发动机复杂管路系统的结构振动,得到了管路固有频率分布状况以及直观的振型特征;基于管路的结构特点,对管路进行了结构模式的分类,根据每种结构模武选取了影响管路动态特性的主要结构参数,并分析了其影响规律.实际应用验证了该调频方法的有效性.     

A Portrait of the Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

In 2003, comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was selected as the new target of the Rosetta mission as the most suitable alternative to the original target, comet 46P/Wirtanen, on the basis of orbital considerations even though very little was known about the physical properties of its nucleus. In a matter of a few years and based on highly focused observational campaigns as well as thorough theoretical investigations, a detailed portrait of this nucleus has been established that will serve as a baseline for planning the Rosetta operations and observations. In this review article, we present a novel method to determine the size and shape of a cometary nucleus: several visible light curves were inverted to produce a size–scale free three–dimensional shape, the size scaling being imposed by a thermal light curve. The procedure converges to two solutions which are only marginally different. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko emerges as an irregular body with an effective radius (that of the sphere having the same volume) = 1.72 km and moderate axial ratios a/b = 1.26 and a/c = 1.5 to 1.6. The overall dimensions measured along the principal axis for the two solutions are 4.49–4.75 km, 3.54–3.77 km and 2.94–2.92 km. The nucleus is found to be in principal axis rotation with a period = 12.4–12.7 h. Merging all observational constraints allow us to specify two regions for the direction of the rotational axis of the nucleus: RA = 220°^+50° _−30° and Dec = −70^° ± 10^° (retrograde rotation) or RA = 40°^+50° _-30° and Dec = +70^°± 10^° (prograde), the better convergence of the various determinations presently favoring the first solution. The phase function, although constrained by only two data points, exhibits a strong opposition effect rather similar to that of comet 9P/Tempel 1. The definition of the disk–integrated albedo of an irregular body having a strong opposition effect raises problems, and the various alternatives led to a R-band geometric albedo in the range 0.045–0.060, consistent with our present knowledge of cometary nuclei. The active fraction is low, not exceeding ~ 7% at perihelion, and is probably limited to one or two active regions subjected to a strong seasonal effect, a picture coherent with the asymmetric behaviour of the coma. Our slightly downward revision of the size of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko resulting from the present analysis (with the correlative increase of the albedo compared to the originally assumed value of 0.04), and our best estimate of the bulk density of 370 kg m⁻³, lead to a mass of ~ 8 × 10¹² kg which should ease the landing of Philae and insure the overall success of the Rosetta mission.     

The Rosetta Mission: Flying Towards the Origin of the Solar System

The ROSETTA Mission, the Planetary Cornerstone Mission in the European Space Agency’s long-term programme Horizon 2000, will rendezvous in 2014 with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko close to its aphelion and will study the physical and chemical properties of the nucleus, the evolution of the coma during the comet’s approach to the Sun, and the development of the interaction region of the solar wind and the comet, for more than one year until it reaches perihelion. In addition to the investigations performed by the scientific instruments on board the orbiter, the ROSETTA lander PHILAE will be deployed onto the surface of the nucleus. On its way to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ROSETTA will fly by and study the two asteroids 2867 Steins and 21 Lutetia.