Energy flux in the Earth's magnetosphere: Storm – substorm relationship

Three ways of the energy transfer in the Earth's magnetosphere are studied. The solar wind MHD generator is an unique energy source for all magnetospheric processes. Field-aligned currents directly transport the energy and momentum of the solar wind plasma to the Earth's ionosphere. The magnetospheric lobe and plasma sheet convection generated by the solar wind is another magnetospheric energy source. Plasma sheet particles and cold ionospheric polar wind ions are accelerated by convection electric field. After energetic particle precipitation into the upper atmosphere the solar wind energy is transferred into the ionosphere and atmosphere. This way of the energy transfer can include the tail lobe magnetic field energy storage connected with the increase of the tail current during the southward IMF. After that the magnetospheric substorm occurs. The model calculations of the magnetospheric energy give possibility to determine the ground state of the magnetosphere, and to calculate relative contributions of the tail current, ring current and field-aligned currents to the magnetospheric energy. The magnetospheric substorms and storms manifest that the permanent solar wind energy transfer ways are not enough for the covering of the solar wind energy input into the magnetosphere. Nonlinear explosive processes are necessary for the energy transmission into the ionosphere and atmosphere. For understanding a relation between substorm and storm it is necessary to take into account that they are the concurrent energy transferring ways. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Radio Diagnostics of the Solar Flare Reconnection

First, high-frequency (HF) slowly drifting pulsating structures are interpreted as radio emissions of electron beams accelerated in the magnetic reconnection volume and injected into magnetic islands (plasmoids). Then, the time evolution of plasma parameters (density, magnetic field, etc.) in a 2-D MHD model of solar flare reconnection is computed numerically. Assuming plasma radio emission from locations where the “double-resonance’’ instability generates upper-hybrid (UH) waves due to unstable distribution function of suprathermal electrons, the radio spectra and spatial source structures in the reconnection region are modeled. By comparison of the modeled and observed spectra a remarkable similarity has been found between the computed narrow-band emission and the observed lace bursts. Finally, a new diagnostics of the reconnection process is proposed.     

应用于三相变换器的三维空间矢量调制

为实现三相四线的交通输出，变换器电路采取四桥臂新型拓扑，其控制采取了三维空间矢量调制，实现了变换器的在线调压及输出中点的形成，且该控制思想可以方便地在现有数字变换器平台上实现。本文对这种控制方案进行了详细分析，并以20kVA变速恒频电源变换器样机作为应用实例，给出了控制方案的详细推导过程和系统仿真结果。     

日全食期间中间层大气臭氧光化过程试验

利用包括活O_x、HO_x、和NO_x等成份在内的一维时变光化模式,研究了日全食时上中层大气臭氧和O₂(1△g)的变化特性,并通过与观测资料的比较进行了光化模式的试验.结果表明,日全食时太阳辐照变化对1.27μm气晖影响的高度比曙暮期间明显偏低,利用1.27μm气晖光度计测量大气臭氧的高度范围约为52-67km.1997年3月9日漠河日全食时测量的大气臭氧含量变化幅度为50％.这与考虑O_x、HO_x、和NO_x等成份的光化模式理论模拟结果基本一致.它表明在52-67km高度范围不存在臭氧亏损现象.      

基于圆周卷积重叠保留法的匹配滤波仿真实现

针对传统线性调频信号匹配滤波的特点和仿真速度慢、效果不明显的问题,文中首先介绍了匹配滤波的概念以及传统线性调频信号匹配滤波的特点;然后结合圆周卷积重叠保留法对线性信号进行仿真,通过加权压缩得到了仿真结果。仿真结果表明,通过该算法可以得到需要的信号图像。     

基于4态马尔可夫链的光纤陀螺随机调制

在数字闭环光纤陀螺中,由调制信号引起的电串扰(即调制串扰)会导致零偏稳定性、死区和线性度等指标恶化.为了消除调制串扰信号的影响,提出了基于4态马尔可夫链的随机调制方法.将一个4状态马尔可夫链引入到随机调制中,该马尔可夫链利用正弦函数的周期性和状态转移方向的等概率性,产生出了相互统计独立的调制信号和解调信号,由于解调信号为等概率取值-1,1的零均值随机序列,所以在理想情况下调制信号及电串扰信号和解调信号相关的结果为零.仿真和实验结果表明,基于4态马尔可夫链的随机调制方法对调制串扰信号的抑制可达1×103倍,消除了调制串扰信号对陀螺零偏稳定性、死区和线性度等指标的影响.      

变采样率全数字相位载波解调技术

基于相位载波(PGC,Phase Generated Carrier)解调各环节的信号频率范围,提出变采样率解调方案,解决高采样频率下的实时全数字PGC解调问题.对干涉输出信号采用高采样率进行模数转换,提高解调带宽和动态范围.对混频相乘和低通滤波后的环节采用降低采样率处理,减少实时数字信号处理的运算量.设计变采样率全数字PGC解调系统,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Arrays)并行实现混频相乘和低通滤波环节,采用数字信号处理器(DSP, Digital Signal Processor)实现后续解调环节,实现采样率高达1MHz的实时解调.实验结果表明频率为5kHz、幅度为1rad的被测信号可以被有效解调.      

空间环境中S781和SR107性能退化研究

文章主要研究S781和SR107两种白漆样品在紫外/质子/电子综合辐照环境下太阳吸收率αs的退化情况,利用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对比两种样品的表面成分和形貌变化,并利用数学模型对S781和SR107的长期退化情况进行了预示。结果表明:SR107白漆的表面完全被甲基硅橡胶粘合剂包覆,辐照前后成分变化不大;S781白漆在辐照后表面出现裂痕,成分也有所改变。在辐照开始后SR107的太阳吸收率αs比S781更快趋于稳定,但退化得更严重。     

航天器发动机羽流对太阳电池板力及热效应仿真

文章将差分求解N-S方程与DSMC方法相结合,研究了航天器单台发动机连续工作时的真空羽流对航天器太阳电池板的力效应和热效应。通过求解N-S方程,获得发动机喷管的内流场;再以内流场计算结果作为模拟粒子入口边界条件,应用DSMC方法,在并行计算机平台上进行三维羽流场和力及热效应计算,得到航天器单发动机连续工作情况下羽流场对太阳电池板的力效应和热效应。文章以太阳电池板处于斜45°状态为例,对仿真结果进行了分析。     

Flight trajectory optimization of sun-tracking solar aircraft under the constraint of mission region

The optimal yawing angle of sun-tracking solar aircraft is tightly related to the solar azimuth angle, which results in a large arc flight path to dynamically track the sun position. However, the limited detection range of payload usually requires solar aircraft to loiter over areas of interest for persistent surveillance missions. The large arc sun-tracking flight may cause the target area on the ground to be outside the maximum coverage area of payload. The present study therefore develops an optimal flight control approach for planning the flight path of sun-tracking solar aircraft within a mission region. The proposed method enables sun-tracking solar aircraft to maintain the optimal yawing angle most of the time during daylight flight, except when the aircraft reverses its direction by turning flight. For a circular region with a mission radius of 50 km, the optimal flight trajectory and controls of an example Λ-shaped sun-tracking solar aircraft are investigated theoretically. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to optimize the flight path of the sun-tracking aircraft under the given circular region while maximizing the battery input power. Furthermore, the effects of varying the mission radius on energy performance are explored numerically. It has been proved that both net energy and energy balance remain nearly constant as the radius constraint varies, which enables the solar aircraft to achieve perpetual flight at almost the same latitude as the large arc flight. The method and results presented in this paper can provide reference for the persistent operation of sun-tracking solar aircraft within specific mission areas.