采用DDS技术实现宽带线性调频源的研究

主要研究了机载合成孔径雷达中宽带线性调频源设计的有关问题。为获得500MHz带宽且质量良好的线性调频信号,采用了直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术、正交调制(I/Q)和宽带线性滤波技术,并在电路实现过程中,重点解决了信号在变换、传输和滤波时幅相波动控制的难点问题。     

太阳模拟器大功率短弧氙灯水平点燃的稳弧研究

大功率短弧氙灯的稳弧是氙灯水平点燃太阳模拟器研制中的关键技术之一。文章介绍了太阳模拟器大功率短弧氙灯水平点燃的稳弧研究方法、研究试验过程和试验数据,分析并给出了相关的试验结论。     

火星太阳电池翼除尘方法综述

“萤火一号”火星探测器即将发射升空,标志着我国火星探测计划实施的开始。然而,火星尘埃在范德华力和静电力的作用下积聚在太阳电池翼的表面,使其转换效率下降,影响火星探测器的寿命。因此,开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究是非常有意义的。文章主要介绍了火星太阳电池翼的除尘方法,特别是目前最受关注的电帘除尘方法,并对其基本结构、除尘原理、除尘效率和透光性做了详细的描述,对开展火星太阳电池翼除尘技术的研究具有一定的参考作用。     

基于空间交会的天基反卫作战方案

对位于高地球轨道天基平台攻击低地球轨道目标的方案进行了研究,讨论了高轨作战平台的攻击范围。采用完全推力法实现远程空间交会。为消除异面霍曼变轨方法等待时间过长的缺点,提出了两种主动调相方法。研究表明：用该法可实现天基武器由高轨至低轨的空间转移交会,引入主动调相轨道可明显缩短交会所需时间。     

空间太阳望远镜热光学环境试验技术

空间太阳望远镜在轨期间,空间环境温度变化会严重影响望远镜成像质量,降低分辨率,因此空间太阳望远镜在模拟空间环境下的热光学试验是其研制过程中的关键技术之一。文章介绍了国外部分空间望远镜的热光学试验及低温光学试验设备,并针对国内空间太阳望远镜的研制和试验研究,提出了一些建设性的意见。     

可变编码调制在遥感卫星中的应用效能研究

随着遥感卫星观测数据量的日益增加，卫星数据传输能力已成为制约遥感卫星使用效能的瓶颈因素。为充分利用近地遥感卫星数据传输的链路资源，采用可变编码调制（VCM）技术，通过对星地数传信道条件的动态评估，在保证链路传输误码率和链路余量的前提下，自适应地进行当前信道条件下的最优编码调制方式切换，充分利用系统链路余量，提高卫星星地数据传输效能。利用该方法，对VCM数传链路效能进行仿真分析，与相同符号速率的固定编码调制（CCM）体制相比，VCM传输效能平均提升42.1%，可为遥感卫星的数传通道设计提供借鉴。     

Empirical model of cosmic ray spectrum in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during 11-year solar cycle

The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are the main ionization source at altitude of ∼3–35 km in the atmosphere. For high latitude anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component has also a significant influence on the atmospheric ionization. We propose an empirical model for differential spectra D(E) of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during solar cycle. In the model data are used which cover three solar cycles: 20, 22 and 23. The LEAP87, IMAX92, CAPRICE94, AMS98 and BESS experimental spectra for protons and alpha particles are fitted to the proposed empirical model. The modulated GCR differential spectra are compared with force-field approximation to the one-dimensional transport equation and with solutions of two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation. For experimental spectra, the calculation of the model parameters is performed by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, applied to the special case of least squares. Algorithm that combines the rapid local convergence of Newton–Raphson method with globally convergent method for non-linear systems of equations is applied for theoretically obtained differential spectra. The described programmes are realized in algorithmic language C++. The proposed model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.     

Challenges to cosmic ray modeling: From beyond the solar wind termination shock

Voyager 1 crossed the solar wind termination shock on December 16, 2004 at a distance of 94 AU from the Sun, to become the first spacecraft to explore the termination shock region and to enter the heliosheath, the final heliospheric frontier. By the end of 2006, Voyager 1 will be at ∼101 AU, with Voyager 2 at ∼81 AU and still approaching the termination shock. Both spacecraft have been observing the modulation of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays since their launch in 1977. The recent observations close to or inside the heliosheath have provided several interesting ‘surprises’ with subsequent theoretical and modeling challenges. Examples are: what does the modulation of galactic cosmic rays amount to in this region?; how do the anomalous cosmic rays get accelerated and modulated?; why are there ‘breaks’ in the power-law slopes of the spectra of accelerated particles? Several numerical models have been applied to most of these topics over the years and comprehensive global predictions have been made the past decade, thought to be based on reasonable assumptions about the termination shock and the heliosheath. Examples of these predictions and assumptions are concisely discussed within the context of the main observed features of cosmic rays in the vicinity of the termination shock, ending with a discussion of some of the issues and challenges to cosmic ray modeling in particular.     

Seasonal variability of GPS-VTEC and model during low solar activity period (2006–2007) near the equatorial ionization anomaly crest location in Chinese zone

Variability of vertical TEC recorded at Fuzhou (26.1°N, 119.3°E, geomagnetic latitude 14.4°N), Xiamen (24.5°N, 118.1°E, geomagnetic latitude 13.2°N), Nanning (22.8°N, 108.3°E, geomagnetic latitude 11.4°N), China, during the low solar activity in 2006–2007 have been analyzed and discussed. Remarkable seasonal anomaly was found over three stations with the highest value during spring and the lowest value during summer. The relative standard deviation of VTEC is over 20% all the time, with steady and smooth variation during daytime while it has a large fluctuation during nighttime. The biggest correlation coefficient was found in the VTEC-sunspot pair with a value of over 0.5. It seems that solar activity has a better correlation ship than geomagnetic activity with the variation of VTEC and better correlations are found with more long-term data when comparing our previous study. The results of comparing observation with model prediction in three sites reveal again that the SPIM model overestimates the measured VTEC in the low latitude area.     

超长航时太阳能无人机关键技术综述

超长航时太阳能无人机（UAV）以其高效节能、原理上可实现无限巡航的特点受到广泛关注，而其独特的设计指标与任务特性也对各项关键技术提出了较高要求。多设计要素的高度耦合意味着不同于常规飞行器的总体设计方法，低密度、低速度的飞行条件使其具有明显的低雷诺数气动特性，柔性超大展弦比机翼带来了复杂的气动弹性问题，低翼载荷特性与较大的风场扰动增加了控制难度，极端的飞行环境与苛刻的任务指标对能源、动力系统带来了新挑战，飞行性能对能源系统的高度依赖开辟了飞行轨迹优化的研究方向。本文梳理了超长航时太阳能无人机关键技术的研究现状，在此基础上对各项技术中的难点问题进行了阐释，并对超长航时太阳能无人机未来发展趋势进行了展望。