助推器支承的火箭地面风载荷非定常气动系数（下）

根据新一代运载火箭CZ．5及其动力学相似缩比模型的助推支承、两个弯曲模态主方向的模态参数有显著差别的特点,推导了火箭地面风载荷在模态主方向的非定常气动弯矩系数,给出了非定常气动弯矩的计算方法,并通过坐标转换,得到风轴气动弯矩系数的计算公式。将非定常气动弯矩系数中与动特性有关的参数统称为动态弯矩因子,从而统一了所有类型火箭的地面风载荷非定常气动弯矩系数的计算公式。此外为简化助推器支承火箭地面风载荷的试验方法,给出了气动加速度和位移系数的计算方法,提出了加速度因子和动态位移因子的概念。通过对CZ．5缩比弹性模型的动特性和弯矩因子的计算,分析了支承筒和不同构型模型的影响,并根据各阶弯曲模态对应的不同响应因子的变化,证明了地面风载荷试验只计及一阶模态的合理性。建议采用弯矩和位移测量数据分析非定常气动系数,不宜直接采用加速度数据计算气动系数。     

γ射线辐射对空间光学玻璃透射率的影响

利用60Co γ-射线对钡冕玻璃（BaK3）、镧冕玻璃（LaK3）、火石玻璃（F10）、镧火石玻璃（LaF3）、轻火石玻璃（QF3）和重火石玻璃（ZF4）进行辐照,研究不同辐照剂量对光学透射率的影响及这些玻璃在空间光学系统中的适应性。光学透射率测试范围为400~1 100 nm。结果表明所有玻璃在辐照后可见光透射率都下降了,而在近红外波段下降不明显（除了QF3和LaF3）。尽管F10和QF3光学透射率在辐照前相似,但是辐照后F10衰减是所有玻璃中最小的,而QF3衰减最为严重。研究发现,当达到一定辐照剂量后,玻璃材料的透射率不再继续衰减,而是趋于稳定。这些结果为空间光学系统针对辐射进行冗余设计提供了依据。     

氙灯水平点燃太阳模拟器灯单元设计

在进行KFTA太阳模拟器的设计中,文章首次采用了氙灯水平点燃的灯单元设计方案。氙灯水平点燃既可以提高太阳模拟器的能量利用率,又降低了成本,节省了人力、物力,但同时又面临着许多新的问题,例如灯的稳弧、灯的水平调节机构以及灯在使用过程中需注意的问题等。文章正是从以上各个方面阐述了KFTA太阳模拟器灯单元的设计思想及方法。     

降落伞特性对伞舱系统运动稳定性的影响

建立了伞舱系统刚性连接和弹性连接时的数学模型,针对联盟号飞船回收系统进行了动力学仿真。分析了降落伞侧向力系数、吊带长度、降落伞和载荷质量比以及吊带性质对伞舱系统运动稳定性的影响,其结论可为伞舱回收系统的设计提供参考。     

Spray characteristics of jet–swirl nozzles for thrust chamber injector

Thrust chamber injector is very critical component since that small differences in its design can result in dramatically different performance. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of a mono-propellant jet–swirl nozzle for thrust chamber using the existing commercial nozzle made of brass with little modification. The performance of two types of spray pattern, i.e. hollow cone and solid cone were investigated under cold flow test. Two solid cone injectors were studied at various purely axial orifice diameter with all other parameters remaining constant. This investigation reveals that decrease in the breakup length increased the spray angle. Higher injection pressure leads to shorter breakup length and higher value of discharge coefficient, except for hollow cone nozzle which shows mild fluctuating trend. Experimental data also tells that solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio 0.14 has the highest average discharge coefficient (0.60), followed by hollow cone nozzle (0.25). Solid cone nozzle with diameter ratio of 0.1 has an average discharge coefficient of 0.21.     

地形匹配修正陀螺仪误差漂移系数研究

探讨了巡航导弹在巡航直飞段陀螺仪漂移误差对导弹视加速度的影响,结合地形匹配中的巡航弹航向角偏差研究,对依靠地形匹配分离陀螺仪误差系数方案进行了可行性分析,并且利用地形匹配数据对陀螺仪误差系数进行即时修正.通过仿真计算,对网格大小不同的地形匹配区提出了地形匹配区最大航向角偏差的精度要求.结果显示对误差漂移起到了明显的修正效果,为进一步研究减小制导工具误差的途径提供了新的思路和方法.     

Retrieval of crop variables with field-based X-band microwave remote sensing of ladyfinger

Modeling in agriculture has been widely used to retrieve and monitor various soil and crop growth variables. Remote sensing, especially radar sensors can be useful for temporal and spatial monitoring of the soil and plant variables. Therefore, in this paper field measurements of crop ladyfinger were carried out to examine the dependency of radar backscatter on crop–soil variables and to develop a method for monitoring and retrieving crop variables for ladyfinger. A crop-bed was prepared to observe scatterometer response in the angular range of incidence angle 20–70° at 9.89 GHz in the X-band for VV- and HH-polarization. At the same time, soil moisture, plant height, leaf area index and aboveground biomass were measured at various growth stages of crop ladyfinger. The angular variation of scattering coefficient decreases with the age of crop ladyfinger shows the dominance of crop effect on soil moisture effect at the older age. Thus, angular trends are more flat as the plant grows since the effects of soil is masked by developing vegetation. Scattering coefficient increases with the increase of leaf area index for both polarizations (i.e. VV- and HH-). It was found that leaf area index and aboveground biomass of crop ladyfinger are highly correlated with microwave frequency more than with plant height and soil moisture. Leaf area index and biomass of ladyfinger crop were retrieved by polarization based model and non-linear least square optimization model. These two models gave very good results for the retrieval of leaf area index and aboveground biomass.     

线加速度计高次项系数校准初探

对线加速度计高次项系数的校准方法进行了初步的探讨和研究,对加速度高次项系数校准的影响因素进行了分类和初步分析,对数据处理方法进行了初步算法仿真,为进一步研究线加速度计高次项系数校准奠定了基础.     

高超声速边界层转捩对旋转钝锥自由飞运动的影响

通过在钝锥模型表面上布置人工绊线促使边界层强迫转捩,采用运动自由度不受约束的风洞模型自由飞试验技术研究边界层转捩对高超声速旋转钝锥自由飞行运动特性和气动特性的影响规律,并与自然转捩的旋转钝锥风洞模型自由飞试验结果作对比分析,试验马赫数为5.0,以模型长为特征尺寸的自由流雷诺数为1.68×106。研究结果表明:有人工绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行过程中有"激励稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数小于0),而无转捩绊线的旋转钝锥在自由飞行中则有"激励不稳定"的绕流流场,产生动态不稳定的自由飞运动(动稳定导数系数大于0)。     

Instability analysis and drag coefficient prediction on a swept RAE2822 wing with constant lift coefficient

Swept wing is widely used in civil aircraft,whose airfoil is chosen,designed and optimized to increase the cruise speed and decrease the drag coefficient.The parameters of swept wing,such as sweep angle and angle of attack,are determined according to the cruise lift coefficient requirement,and the drag coefficient is expected to be predicted accurately,which involves the instability characteristics and transition position of the flow.The pressure coefficient of the RAE2822 wing with given constant lift coefficient is obtained by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation numerically,and then the mean flow is calculated by solving the boundary layer(BL) equation with spectral method.The cross-flow instability characteristic of boundary layer of swept wing in the windward and leeward is analyzed by linear stability theory(LST),and the transition position is predicted by eNmethod.The drag coefficient is numerically predicted by introducing a laminar/turbulent indicator.A simple approach to calculate the lift coefficient of swept wing is proposed.It is found that there is a quantitative relationship between the angle of attack and sweep angle when the lift coefficient keeps constant;when the angle of attack is small,the flow on the leeward of the wing is stable.when the angle of attack is larger than 3°,the flow becomes unstable quickly;with the increase of sweep angle or angle of attack the disturbance on the windward becomes more unstable,leading to the moving forward of the transition position to the leading edge of the wing;the drag coefficient has two significant jumping growth due to the successive occurrence of transition in the windward and the leeward;the optimal range of sweep angle for civil aircraft is suggested.