计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP)技术在航天器总装中的应用

随着航天器批量化生产要求的提出,文章针对多年来一直沿用的航天器总装工艺设计的不足,将计算机辅助工艺设计技术引入总装工艺设计,并阐述了基本模块的设置,包括:工艺会签的管理、工艺文件的编制、现场生产的指导和信息交互系统,给出了适合总装生产过程的基本框架.希望通过引入信息化技术、提高工艺设计水平和生产效率.     

载人试验舱综合复压系统

综合复压系统是载人航天器空间环境试验设备的关键系统之一.文章结合国内外载人飞船试验的经验,简要介绍了载人试验舱综合复压系统方案设计时应考虑的主要技术指标.响应时间和阀门的选择是复压系统正常工作的关键;使用气体混合仪对氧、氮比精确控制以使复压气体符合航天员的生理要求.对复压流程进行了仿真,结果表明复压系统的设计能满足紧急复压的要求.     

质量统计过程控制SPC技术及其应用

介绍SPC发展过程、特点及SPC技术适用范围,阐述控制图设计原理;并对SPC技术在质量管理中的应用方法和在计算机系统中实现的思路进行论述和研究,提出SPC质量控制应用流程图。     

Advances in fabrication of ceramic corundum abrasives based on sol–gel process

Corundum abrasives with good chemical stability can be fabricated into various free abrasives and bonded abrasive tools that are widely used in the precision machining of various parts. However, these abrasives cannot satisfy the machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and strong wearing resistance. Although superhard abrasives can machine the above-mentioned materials, their dressing and manufacturing costs are high. By contrast, ceramic corundum abrasives fabricated by sol–gel method is a cost-effective product between conventional and superhard abrasives. Ceramic corundum abrasives exhibit self-sharpening and high toughness. In this review, the optimization methods of ceramic corundum abrasive properties are introduced from three aspects: precursor synthesis, particle shaping, and sintering. Firstly, the functional mechanism of seeds and additives on the microstructural and mechanical properties of abrasives is analyzed. Specifically, seeds can reduce the phase transition temperature and improve fracture toughness. The grain size and uniformly dense structure can be controlled by applying an appropriate amount of multicomponent additives. Then, the urgent need of engineering application and machinability of special shape ceramic corundum abrasives is reviewed, and three methods of abrasive shaping are summarized. The micromold replication technique is highly advanced and can be used to prepare functional abrasives. Additionally, the influence of a new sintering method, namely, two-step sintering technique, on the microstructural and mechanical performance of ceramic corundum abrasives is summarized. Finally, the challenge and developmental trend of the optimization of ceramic corundum abrasives are prospected.     

TLE预报精度改进及碰撞预警中的应用

双行根数（Two Line Elements,TLE）是目前唯一公开发布且编目最完备的地球轨道空间目标编目数据,由于其根数的特殊性,必须配合SGP4/SDP4 使用导致其预报精度有限. 通过对TLE+SGP4/SDP4预报误差源的分析,利用历史TLE数据生成准观测数据重新进行轨道拟合,针对不同轨道高度和面积质量比情况,确定相应拟合周期,得出了基于弹道系数先验信息有效确定面积质量比的经验方法,对多个独立时段拟合后轨道根数结合数值方法的预报误差进行统计,结果表明,拟合后的TLE根数预报精度与稳定性有很大程度提升. 利用实例对拟合TLE在碰撞预警中的应用进行分析,认为该方法对航天工程中碰撞预警置信度的提高具有重要意义.     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

高压燃气涡轮径向内冷叶片气热耦合的数值分析

采用气热耦合方法对采用径向内冷方式的MarkⅡ型跨声速高压燃气涡轮金属导叶进行数值模拟,通过分析叶片通道内的传热和流动过程发现叶片表面附面层内流动非常复杂,包含层流流动、转捩和湍流流动状态,所以只有使用转捩模型计算的叶片附面层内流动与实际情况相符,叶片壁面温度和换热系数分布与实验结果吻合的较好,使用其他湍流模型由于不能准确描述附面层内流动而使得计算结果误差相对较大,但是所有的湍流模型都能很好的模拟附面层以外流动.      

基于过程规范语言的复杂工艺过程模型建立方法

 使用基于本体论的过程规范语言（PSL）对制造过程信息进行规范,已成为过程信息集成的重要发展趋势。针对零件复杂工艺过程信息中存在的资源多样性、工序次序无关性等特点,讨论了PSL理论在工艺过程领域的应用模式,提出了一种采用PSL建立复杂多工艺过程模型的模型构建方法和描述方法,并建立了基于PSL的工艺过程信息建模平台,同时实现了在计算机辅助工艺设计系统中的初步应用,为进一步探索PSL在制造信息系统集成中的应用提供了可参考的经验。     

基于Flowmaster的运输机供氧系统仿真

研究运输机供氧系统,建立相应的系统仿真模型,对整个管网系统中氧气的流动及分配进行仿真分析.系统由高压氧源、机组供氧点和座舱乘员供氧点3部分组成,各部分分别建模,然后集成系统;为了方便设计者针对不同的管路布置进行系统仿真分析,利用Flowmaster的外部元件模块开发出了氧气系统特有的元件,包括氧气调节器、减压器和快戴式氧气面罩;在某任务航程下利用此仿真模型对氧气系统进行了仿真计算,得到各气瓶耗氧量和各供氧点氧气流量的变化情况,验证了系统是否满足设计需求.