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在飞机货舱烟雾探测的适航符合性验证中,为尽可能降低验证试验风险,通常需要采用烟雾发生器产生的模拟烟雾来代替真实火灾烟雾进行飞行试验,但研究表明两种烟雾在造成烟雾探测器响应时间方面存在较大差异,必须通过改变烟雾发生器边界条件来实现与真实火灾烟雾的等效,然而,通过传统"试错法"寻找能够实现两种烟雾等效的边界条件将耗费大量时间资源。采用逆向设计的方法,首先在火灾动力学模拟(FDS)软件中分别建立烟雾发生器模拟烟雾与真实火灾烟雾数值模型,并在Isight优化软件中将FDS进行集成,通过构建使两种烟雾等效的目标函数,采用多岛遗传算法(MIGA)对烟雾发生器边界条件进行一次性逆向求解,从而避免了传统"试错法"造成的资源浪费。对逆向计算的结果进行了试验验证,逆向求解得到的边界条件能实现烟雾发生器模拟烟雾与真实火灾烟雾的等效,该结果可直接指导飞机货舱烟雾探测的适航符合性验证工作。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(6):1663-1672
Solar radio type IV bursts can sometimes show directivity, so that no burst is observed when the source region in located far from the solar disk center. This has recently been verified also from space observations, at decameter wavelengths, using a 3D-view to the Sun with STEREO and Wind satellites. It is unclear whether the directivity is caused by the emission mechanism, by reduced radio wave formation toward certain directions, or by absorption/blocking of radio waves along the line of sight. We present here observations of three type IV burst events that occurred on 23, 25, and 29 July 2004, and originated from the same active region. The source location of the first event was near the solar disk center and in the third event near the west limb. Our analysis shows that in the last two events the type IV bursts experienced partial cut-offs in their emission, that coincided with the appearance of shock-related type II bursts. The type II bursts were formed at the flanks and leading fronts of propagating coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events support the suggestion of absorption toward directions where the type II shock regions are located. 相似文献
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K.L. Aplin B.J. Kent C.M. Collingwood L. Wang R. Stevens S.E. Huq A. Malik 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Spacecraft neutralisers are required as part of the ion propulsion system for accurate station keeping in fundamental physics missions. This paper describes the use of thin layers of insulating materials as coatings for the gated silicon field emitter array structure used in a spacecraft neutraliser. These thin coatings are postulated to reduce power consumption and reduce overheating. The power consumption and lifetime of aluminium nitride and amorphous hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings have been tested by current–voltage and endurance tests. Diamond-like carbon coatings were promising, performing better in endurance tests than uncoated samples, but further work is required to characterise the coating’s physical properties and its effects on field emission. The thermal conductivity of the coating material had little effect on measured sample lifetimes. Aluminium nitride had reduced power consumption compared to diamond-like carbon coated and uncoated samples. A thin (∼5 nm) layer of aluminium nitride was found to be optimal, meeting European Space Agency specifications for the neutraliser engineering model. 相似文献
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R.S. Bisht A.K. Hait P.N. Babu S.S. Sarkar A. Benerji A. Biswas A.K. Saji D.R.M. Samudraiah A.S. Kirankumar T.K. Pant T. Parimalarangan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The Limb Viewing Hyper Spectral Imager (LiVHySI) is one of the Indian payloads onboard YOUTHSAT (inclination 98.73°, apogee 817 km) launched in April, 2011. The Hyper-spectral imager has been operated in Earth’s limb viewing mode to measure airglow emissions in the spectral range 550–900 nm, from terrestrial upper atmosphere (i.e. 80 km altitude and above) with a line-of-sight range of about 3200 km. The altitude coverage is about 500 km with command selectable lowest altitude. This imaging spectrometer employs a Linearly Variable Filter (LVF) to generate the spectrum and an Active Pixel Sensor (APS) area array of 256 × 512 pixels, placed in close proximity of the LVF as detector. The spectral sampling is done at 1.06 nm interval. The optics used is an eight element f/2 telecentric lens system with 80 mm effective focal length. The detector is aligned with respect to the LVF such that its 512 pixel dimension covers the spectral range. The radiometric sensitivity of the imager is about 20 Rayleigh at noise floor through the signal integration for 10 s at wavelength 630 nm. The imager is being operated during the eclipsed portion of satellite orbits. The integration in the time/spatial domain could be chosen depending upon the season, solar and geomagnetic activity and/or specific target area. This paper primarily aims at describing LiVHySI, its in-orbit operations, quality, potential of the data and its first observations. The images reveal the thermospheric airglow at 630 nm to be the most prominent. These first LiVHySI observations carried out on the night of 21st April, 2011 are presented here, while the variability exhibited by the thermospheric nightglow at O(1D) 630 nm has been described in detail. 相似文献