民用飞机低污染燃烧室的技术成熟度划分

本文针对民用飞机低污染燃烧室的特点,讨论了其技术成熟度(Technology Readiness Level Seale,TRL)划分和研发的技术路线。对低污染燃烧室的研发,技术成熟程度是基本的规划工作,可以作为一个客观的方法,来评定所研发的低污染燃烧室技术是适合于远期目标(TRL3),还是适合于中期目标(TRL6);也可以用于确定哪一个研发的技术方案可以尽快地应用于实际型号(TRL9)。此外,低污染燃烧室技术成熟程度的划分,实际上是系统地阐明低污染燃烧室技术研发的技术道路,说明要通过哪些试验来验证达到各种技术成熟的水平。     

缓解航天器带电方法的研究

空间等离子体和航天器表面的相互作用常会导致航天器带电,造成危害。近年来,有人提出或试验了一些缓解的办法。文章对现有的缓解方法进行评论,讨论每一种方法的优缺点,并举SCATHA和DSCS卫星的例子对取得的结果加以说明。     

航空发动机高温升燃烧室贫油熄火及冒烟性能研究

高温升燃烧室头部燃烧组织方案设计,以改善高温升燃烧室的贫油熄火边界及冒烟性能。该方案的特点是采用了三旋流器以及双油路复合式喷嘴,设计的主燃区油气分布相当均匀,而回流区内的油气分布是局部富油的。以常规双旋流器+双油路压力雾化喷嘴(旋流杯)燃烧室作为一个基准方案,在相同的进口实验条件下与本研究方案进行了贫油熄火和出口冒烟性能的比较。实验表明,本研究方案与常规的双旋流杯设计方案相比燃烧稳定性好及出口冒烟改善。      

孔壁通透率对平面附壁射流的影响

本文研究了不同壁面通透率对平面附壁射流动态特性的影响。实验结果表明孔壁减弱、甚至消除了流场中的低频摆动现象。随着孔壁通透率的增加,射流时均附壁点向下游逐渐移动,射流和壁面之间的回流区长度逐渐增大,而射流内侧剪切层内的涡旋与壁面之间的相互作用减小,壁面压强脉动强度变小,附壁射流的动态特性逐渐向自由射流转化。当孔壁通透率为40％左右时,射流与二维平面自由射流类似。距离射流出口不同位置上的壁面脉动压强之间的互谱表明,当孔壁通透率增大以后,射流内侧剪切层中的旋涡向下游传播距离变得更长,传播速度加快,这说明低孔壁通透率情况下的附壁射流中存在的低频摆动现象阻碍了剪切层高频旋涡向下游的发展。     

激光制导导弹干扰手段及效果评估

激光角度欺骗和烟幕是对抗激光制导导弹的有效干扰手段。义章认真分析了激光角度欺骗干扰与烟幕干扰的机理,建立了激光制导导弹的干扰模型,并通过仿真,评估了对不同目标指示器作用下的干扰效果,对激光精确制导导弹的干扰对抗有一定的指导作用。     

声发射技术在试件疲劳试验中的预警作用

将声发射动态无损检测技术引入试件疲劳试验中,通过对试验过程中声发射信号的分析,获取试件的初始裂纹数据.证明声发射技术可以发现试验中试件的初始裂纹,并对其破坏具有预警作用.     

热发射测速技术

本文叙述了一种通过探测高温两相流中热粒子的热辐射来测量粒子速度的热发射测速技术,该技术曾多次用于测量电弧加热器射流和火箭弹尾喷火焰中的粒子速度,取得了比较满意的结果。     

An in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) for Chandrayaan-2 rover: Ablation kinetics and emissivity estimations

A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface.     

铝合金平板超高速撞击声发射信号S2模态特征分析

对铝合金平板上形成的超高速撞击(HVI)声发射(AE)信号S2模态的特征进行研究,分析其与损伤模式之间的关系。以3 mm厚5A06铝合金平板为研究对象,通过数值仿真获得不同撞击工况下的超高速撞击声发射信号,提取信号中的S2模态,并分析其幅值、能量、频谱等特征。结果表明,S2模态能量随传播距离呈指数衰减;分别随撞击弹丸直径和撞击速度的增加先下降后上升,且在弹丸直径与靶板厚度相近、临界撞击速度时最低。S2模态的中心频率随弹丸直径的增加而降低;随撞击速度的增加而增加;随传播距离的增加向1500 kHz移动。S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围分别随撞击速度和弹丸直径的增大变窄。在此基础上,当靶板形成穿孔损伤时,可根据S2模态的中心频率推测弹丸的直径;在传播距离和弹丸直径已知的前提下,可根据S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围推测撞击速度。     

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.