高压涡轮导叶非轴对称端壁优化设计

为使高压涡轮导叶非轴对称端壁造型在减少二次流损失、提高气动性能方面更好的发挥作用,以某一级高压涡轮为研究对象,采用端壁参数化造型、三维Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程流场求解和基于人工神经网络的遗传算法相结合的优化方法对涡轮导叶进行非轴对称端壁的优化设计。优化目标为在控制涡轮导叶进口质量流量、出口马赫数及出口气流角的情况下,导叶出口总压损失系数和出口二次流动能最小化。对比分析优化前后端壁对涡轮导叶出口参数和涡轮级性能的影响。结果表明：优化后得到的非轴对称端壁有效地改善了涡轮导叶通道内的流场,抑制了通道内二次流涡系的发展,降低了导叶出口处的流动损失,涡轮导叶出口总压损失系数降低了14．85％,高压涡轮级等熵效率提高了0．456％。     

对转压气机最先失速级的小扰动理论分析

 对转压气机(CRC)由于其独特的气动和结构优势而被认为是进一步提高航空发动机推重比的重要技术途径之一。在小扰动理论的基础上发展了对转压气机旋转失速的小扰动分析方法,并以实验室对转压气机为研究对象,采用小扰动理论和计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟两种方法对不同转速匹配工况下的最先失速级位置进行了相应的研究,为对转压气机失速边界的预估探索一种快速有效的方法。研究结果表明:①旋转失速的小扰动分析方法可以较好地预估对转压气机失速边界和最先失速级位置;②小扰动分析方法和CFD计算结果均显示:转速匹配方案对对转压气机最先失速级位置存在明显的影响。当转速比大于或等于0.9时,转子2为最先失速级;当转速比小于0.9时,转子1为最先失速级;③由于小扰动分析方法进行了大量的简化,因而使得预估值同实际值之间存在相应的误差。同时,由于对转压气机级间存在较强的非定常性,进而使得相对误差进一步增大。     

基于FMEA的飞机燃油箱防火安全性分析

自1959年起已发生了17起飞机燃油箱点燃事故,统计表明飞机燃油箱点燃事故是对飞机运行安全性影响最大的灾难性事件之一,始终受到航空安全领域高度关注.针对此类风险,FAA通过不断修正规章来满足飞机运行安全,但往往咨询通告形式的修订缺少系统化的分析.依据事故调查,主要影响燃油箱防火安全的原因有:电火花和电弧、电器加热效应、摩擦火花、平面热辐射.对飞机燃油箱防火安全功能设备进行风险量化,首先使用FMEA对各功能元件进行风险分析,找到与“风险状态”相关的失效模式;其次运用三元素法“风险状态”评估标准量化故障模式的风险优先数;最后根据元件的失效模式采用树图分析方法对影响燃油箱内、外点火源的功能元件进行管理.本文还对复合材料燃油箱的特殊失效模式进行初步分析,为飞机燃油箱防火安全的系统化分析提供方法.     

侧向运动耦合对导弹稳定裕度的影响

各通道间无耦合是工程上导弹控制系统设计的一个基本假设,但随着飞行速度及机动性的提高,导弹各通道间的气动与运动学耦合已不能忽略.以面对称导弹为研究对象,依据小扰动理论,通过建立偏航与滚转通道之间的耦合运动方程,定量分析了通道耦合对导弹控制系统稳定裕度的影响,所得结论可为面对称导弹的工程设计提供参考.     

小型SAR卫星用双高特性锂离子电池技术

小型合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星对储能电池系统提出了轻量化、大功率的要求,现有的SAR卫星用电池难以满足需求,急需开发高能量高功率的锂离子电池。采用兼具容量和功率性能的镍钴铝酸锂(LiNixCoyMnzO2, NCA)作为正极活性材料,高容量中间相炭微球(MCMB)作为负极活性材料,显著提升了电池体系的容量和比能量。通过设计极片的活性物质载量和电解液用量,保证了电池功率性能(≥10 C)的发挥;通过加大电极片面积和极柱尺寸,控制了大倍率放电时电池温升。研制了兼顾高比能和高功率的锂离子电池单体,额定容量20 Ah,1 C放电比能量达到180 Wh.kg^-1,且10 C放电容量相较1 C保持率96.24%,15 C下持续放电比功率超过2 000 W.kg^-1,可以满足下一代轻小型SAR卫星能源供电需求。     

(70~100)MeV准单能中子参考辐射场设计

国内基于串列加速器建立了144keV~15MeV的单能中子参考辐射场，解决了20MeV以下能区中子探测器注量、剂量等参数的量值溯源，但尚未建立20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场。随着航天空间中子探测任务的需要以及地面高能质子加速器的发展，20MeV以上能区准单能中子参考辐射场需求越来越突出。发展20MeV以上能区高能中子参考辐射场对于满足国防需求、推动中子计量学科发展具有重要意义。     

小型薄片零件高速铣削加工试验研究

针对小型薄片结构零件切削过程中的变形问题,以薄片"一"字电极高速铣削加工试验为例,从编程方式、切削参数选用、工序安排、走刀路线等方面展开研究。控制其变形量达到最小,以满足产品设计要求。     

大型风机桨叶技术研究

综述分析了国外大型风机在翼型、噪声、结冰等气动问题的研究进展.概述了大型风机的材料问题和智能桨叶控制研究现状,归纳分析了智能桨叶控制常用的气动控制装置、作动装置、传感器和控制器,可为国内风能领域科研人员了解国外大型风机研究工作提供参考.     

Intrinsic physical relationships between rotor modal shapes and instantaneous vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics: Theoretical and numerical analysis and application

The modal vibration of the rotor is the main cause of excessive vibration of the aero-engine overall structure. To attenuate the vibration of the rotor under different modal shapes from the perspective of energy control, the intrinsic physical relationships between rotor modal shapes and instantaneous vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics is derived from the general equation of motion base on the structural intensity method. A dual-rotor-support-casing coupling model subjected to the rotor unbalanced forces is established by the finite element method in this paper. The transmission, conversion and balance relationships of the vibrational energy flow for the rotors in the first-order bending modal shape, the conical whirling modal shape and the translational modal shape are analyzed, respectively. The results show that the vibrational energy flow transmitted to the structure can be converted into the strain energy, the kinetic energy and the energy dissipated by the damping of the structure. The vibrational energy flow transmission characteristics of rotors with different modal shapes are quite different. Especially for the first-order bending modal shape, the vibrational energy flow and the strain energy are transmitted and converted to each other in the middle part of the rotor shaft, resulting in large deformation at this part. To attenuate this harmful vibration, the influences of grooving on the shaft on the first-order bending vibration are studied from the perspective of transmission control of vibrational energy flow. This study can provide theoretical references and guidance for the vibration attenuation of the rotors in different modal shapes from a more essential perspective.     

A study on turbulence transportation and modification of Spalart–Allmaras model for shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow

It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of turbulence models in shock-wave/ boundary layer interaction flow. The relationship between the pressure gradient, as well as the shear layer, and the development of turbulent kinetic energy in impinging shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction flow at Mach 2.25 is analyzed based on the data of direct numerical simulation(DNS). It is found that the turbulent kinetic energy is amplified by strong shear in the separation zone and the adverse pressure gradient near the separation point. The pressure gradient was non-dimensionalised with local density, velocity, and viscosity. Spalart–Allmaras(S–A) model is modified by introducing the non-dimensional pressure gradient into the production term of the eddy viscosity transportation equation. Simulation results show that the production and dissipation of eddy viscosity are strongly enhanced by the modification of S–A model. Compared with DNS and experimental data, the wall pressure and the wall skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity profile of the modified S–A model are obviously improved. Thus it can be concluded that the modification of S–A model with the pressure gradient can improve the predictive accuracy for simulating the shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction.