无尾布局后体超声速航向增稳设计方法

针对无尾布局超声速航向静稳定性不足的问题,提出一种基于超声速压缩/膨胀流动的后体超声速航向气动增稳设计方法。首先通过无尾布局扁平后体和常规后体方案航向静稳定性和表面流场差异的对比,明确了后体超声速航向增稳设计思路。然后基于后体参数化外形分析了后体型面对于布局超声速航向静稳定性的影响规律。最后通过评估典型后体方案的综合气动特性验证了后体超声速航向增稳设计方法的可行性。研究表明：重心后侧向投影面积增量、后体脊线以及后体截面曲线是影响后体型面超声速航向增稳能力的3个主要参数。与常规后体型面相比,通过超声速航向增稳设计获得的后体型面能够在布局阻力变化不大的情况下,显著改善无尾布局在跨声速和超声速状态的航向静不稳定性。     

Symmetry,reduction and relative equilibria of a rigid body in the J2 problem

The J₂ problem is an important problem in celestial mechanics, orbital dynamics and orbital design of spacecraft, as non-spherical mass distribution of the celestial body is taken into account. In this paper, the J₂ problem is generalized to the motion of a rigid body in a J₂ gravitational field. The relative equilibria are studied by using geometric mechanics. A Poisson reduction process is carried out by means of the symmetry. Non-canonical Hamiltonian structure and equations of motion of the reduced system are obtained. The basic geometrical properties of the relative equilibria are given through some analyses on the equilibrium conditions. Then we restrict to the zeroth and second-order approximations of the gravitational potential. Under these approximations, the existence and detailed properties of the relative equilibria are investigated. The orbit–rotation coupling of the rigid body is discussed. It is found that under the second-order approximation, there exists a classical type of relative equilibria except when the rigid body is near the surface of the central body and the central body is very elongated. Another non-classical type of relative equilibria can exist when the central body is elongated enough and has a low average density. The non-classical type of relative equilibria in our paper is distinct from the non-Lagrangian relative equilibria in the spherically-simplified Full Two Body Problem, which cannot exist under the second-order approximation. Our results also extend the previous results on the classical type of relative equilibria in the spherically-simplified Full Two Body Problem by taking into account the oblateness of the primary body. The results on relative equilibria are useful for studies on the motion of many natural satellites, whose motion are close to the relative equilibria.     

类X-33运载器气动特性分析

开展升力体运载器的气动布局概念设计研究及气动操稳特性分析.利用二次曲线横截面、指数函数纵向控制线及模线设计方法,提出一种类X-33升力体运载器气动外形,进行机体的优化和控制舵的匹配设计,研究飞行器的气动特性、纵横向稳定性问题和操纵效率问题.研究表明,方案具备较高的高超声速配平升阻比,有较高的容积效率和机动控制效率,可以作为未来航天运载器的潜在可行方案.     

一种特型燃气舵数值模拟分析

介绍了一种由活动体和固定体组成的特型燃气舵.为了解该燃气舵的相关特性及其与普通燃气舵的区别,分别对该特型燃气舵和普通燃气舵进行了数值模拟.根据数值模拟的结果,从流场、热效应、固体颗粒影响及气动性能4个方面进行了分析.与普通燃气舵相比,特型燃气舵具有抗侵蚀能力强、结构质量轻和阻力小等优点,但也有升力小的缺点.     

一种复杂形体消隐的新方法

本文首先提出了一种视线交点法消隐原理。然后针对复杂形体投影特点,给出了一种消除复杂形体隐藏线的新方法。该方法的特点是将复杂形体分解成若干个若干凸体,并将凸体的外围线框找出,同时将待消隐线段与外围线框求交,并用交点将待消隐线段分解成若干段,每一段采用视线交点法消隐原理测试其可见性,从而达到对待消隐线段消隐的目的。     

回转体流噪声相似律的实验研究

介绍了回转体流噪声实验的方法,并对实验测得的回转体流噪声声功率谱的谱特性进行了分析。测量结果表明:在高频段,回转体流噪声声功率谱按6dB/ 倍频程衰减;且其声功率谱与流速的7 次方成正比。基于本实验,验证了回转体流噪声相似律理论     

基于对比度和梯度分布的红外弱小目标检测

红外弱小目标检测技术是目标自动检测系统中的核心技术之一。在复杂背景以及强杂波存在的情形下,红外弱小目标检测往往会有高虚警率的问题。对于这一问题,提出了一种基于多尺度局部对比度与局部梯度分布的红外弱小目标检测算法,具有重要意义。相比于以前的算法,该方法利用多尺度局部对比度机制增强红外图像中的疑似红外弱小目标的区域,再利用红外图像的局部梯度分布信息对这些疑似红外弱小目标的区域进行判别,剔除其中的虚警区域,得到有低虚警率红外弱小目标检测结果。实验结果表明:该算法结果可靠,检测准确率高。可见,新算法可以有效地提高在复杂背景以及存在强杂波情形下红外图像中弱小目标的检测准确率。     

民机配平空气系统小偏差化动态建模仿真方法

配平空气系统（TAS）作为民用飞机空调系统（ACS）中的子系统之一,其本质是舱室内温度调节的高温气体支路。该系统的动态特性较大地影响着下游乃至舱室内空气参数的变化,不利于下游参数的稳定。因此需要依据系统固有的动态特性,通过设计系统的控制规律,达到稳定下游空气参数的目的。随着系统方案及部件的更新换代,民机配平空气系统的压力控制方式逐步由机械气动式压力调节活门转变为电动式压力调节活门辅以压力传感器的方式。这种方式要求对配平空气系统的动态特性进行快速、准确的仿真,并能够依据仿真结果进行压力控制律设计。本文提出小偏差化的线性化处理方法作为动态特性建模仿真的理论推导依据,对采用电动式压力调节活门和压力传感器方案的典型民机配平空气系统建立高效的动态仿真模型。经校验,该方法结果准确。此外,还根据动态特性分析结果给出电动式压力调节活门的控制律设计实例,有效实现了良好的压力调节效果。根据设计流程提出了配平空气系统的压力控制需求,为民机空调系统的动态仿真建模方法提供指导思路。     

Coupled fluid-thermal investigation on non-ablative thermal protection system with spiked body and opposing jet combined configuration

In this paper, a Non-Ablative Thermal Protection System(NATPS) with the spiked body and the opposing jet combined configuration is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic heating of the hypersonic vehicle, and the coupled fluid-thermal numerical analysis is performed to study the thermal control performance of the NATPS. The results show that the spiked body pushes the bow shock away from the protected structure and thus reduces the shock intensity and the wall heat flux. In addition, the low temperature gas of the opposing jet separates the high temperature gas behind the shock from the nose cone of the spiked body, ensuring the non-ablative property of the spiked body. Therefore, the NATPS reduces the aerodynamic heating by the reconfiguration of the flow field, and the thermal control efficiency of the system is better than the Thermal Protection System(TPS) with the single spiked body and the single opposing jet. The influencing factors of the NATPS are analyzed. Both increasing the length of the spiked body and reducing the total temperature of the opposing jet can improve the thermal control performance of the NATPS and the nonablative property of the spiked body. However, increasing the heat conductivity coefficient of the spiked body can enhance benefit the non-ablative property of the spiked body, but has little influence on the thermal control performance of the NATPS.     

头部和后体对钝头体侧向力的影响

钝头体大迎角飞行时会出现随机的非对称流动现象,引起不确定的较大侧向力,进而使其偏离运行轨道。通过在钝头体头部施加人工扰动块可以固定其大迎角下的非对称流场结构,得到确定的侧向力,以利于改善钝头体的大迎角飞行特性及机动性。本文讨论了在头部人工扰动块主控流场结构的基础上,模型后体对侧向力影响的存在性问题,在迎角为50°、雷诺数为1.54×105的条件下,利用实验对周向角为90°和270°、子午角为10°的扰动位置的球形扰动主控下的侧向力影响因素进行了研究。发现钝头体大迎角下的非对称流动结构在头部主控的基础上,后体对非对称流动的影响不会消失,且其为影响头部扰动主控作用的重要因素。尽管模型后体的影响不会改变钝头体头部对于流场结构的主控地位,但会影响头部扰动控制的精准程度。所以在通过钝头体头部施加扰动进而得到确定的侧向力的同时,还需要减小模型后体对流场的影响,对其结构和加工质量进行优化,以更好地通过人工扰动主控流场结构。