超声速流动燃烧气体比热比的集成传感测量技术

介绍了为测量燃烧气体的比热比而设计的包含了皮托管和激光光束跟踪系统的集成测量系统。该系统通过测量压力比和穿过皮托管前正激波的激光折射角来获得比热比,从而免使用复杂而昂贵的光相色谱仪器。激光光束折射角通过两台CCD摄像头和移动空间坐标测量系统(MScMS)来准确记录激光光束折射角。密度比通过Gladstone-Dale关系和Snell律来获得。由此,通过所获得的跨激波的压力比和密度比可以定量确定比热比。这一技术可有效降低比热比测量时间。本文对激光光束跟踪系统和皮托管所带来的不确定性进行了分析,结果表明在总温不超过1000K时系统不确定性低于5.5%。可行性分析表明该技术可以实现,但仍有部分技术问题需要在实施前解决。     

低温磨料气射流加工装置的研制与实验验证

针对磨料气射流加工技术在常温下无法加工聚二甲基硅氧(Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)等聚合物材料的问题,提出了低温磨料气射流加工PDMS等聚合物材料的设想。设计了一套低温磨料气射流加工装置,通过改变浸没在液氮中的蛇形管长度,可以得到不同温度的低温磨料气射流。建立了蛇形管长度计算的数学模型,通过实验验证了该模型的可行性,为以后对低温磨料气射流加工进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。用不同温度的磨料气射流加工PDMS,发现常温下磨料气射流无法加工PDMS,而低温下可以进行加工。低温下加工PDMS可以提高孔的横截面质量,材料去除机理为塑性去除和脆性去除的结合。     

摆线桨悬停状态气动特性及参数优化

为了进一步提高摆线桨的气动效率,本文对摆线桨的设计参数进行了优化研究。首先分析了流管模型的基本原理,基于薄翼振荡原理,结合动量和叶素理论建立了摆线桨的双盘-多流管非定常气动模型。然后,通过相关算例验证了模型的适用性,结果表明：实度较小时,准确度较高,而随着实度与转速的增加,桨叶之间的干扰加强,误差值增大。通过大量试验与计算数据的对比,总结了不同实度时,多流管模型的拉力修正因子。最后,基于双盘-多流管气动模型,应用遗传算法对摆线桨的相关设计参数进行了优化设计,优化后的功率载荷提高了12.4%左右。同时,对比发现优化后的摆线桨比旋翼具有更高的气动效率。     

含晶界单层过渡金属硫化物的压电效应研究

在单层过渡金属硫化物（Transition metal dichalcogenides,TMDs）的合成过程中,缺陷是不可避免的,而且缺陷对单层TMDs的物理化学性质有着重要的影响。为了研究晶界（Grain boundaries,GBs）对单层TMDs压电效应的影响,基于密度泛函理论（Density functional theory,DFT）,计算了36种含晶界单层TMDs和36种不含晶界单层TMDs的压电系数。结果表明：晶界的存在会增强单层TMDs的压电效应,这是由于晶界会导致体系产生应变梯度,从而激发了挠曲电效应。压电系数的变化呈现明显的周期趋势,即随着硫族元素相对原子质量的增加压电系数逐渐增大,其中,含晶界的单层MoTe₂的压电系数最大为11.17 pm/V,与单层MoTe₂ （8.74 pm/V）相比,提高了约27.8%。本文的研究结果可以为开发应用于飞行器中的高灵敏度传感器和高精度控制器的设计提供理论指导。     

氮化硅陶瓷切削仿真与实验

针对金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸、形状的不规则性和空间位置不确定性的特点,采用球坐标中随机点产生的空间平面切分实体和截角多面体相结合的方法,并考虑氮化硅陶瓷工件的磨削亚表面形貌和裂纹损伤,建立了截角多面体磨粒和含有典型裂纹的工件模型。进行单颗磨粒切削氮化硅陶瓷的有限元仿真和实验,结果表明:磨削加工和数值仿真的磨削力值变化趋势相同,差值小于8%,切削力随砂轮转速增大而减小、随工件速度和切削深度增大而增大,而切削深度对切削力的影响程度最大。     

摇摆对水平管内单相水阻力特性的影响分析

对摇摆状态下25mm和34.5mm管径水平管内单相水阻力特性进行了实验研究,通过实验发现,摇摆状态下单相水摩擦压降有明显的周期性,并与摇摆周期相同。雷诺数降低、摇摆振幅增加以及管径增加都会使摩擦压降增加。通过对摇摆周期、摇摆幅度、雷诺数和管径等影响因素的分析,给出了摇摆状态下单相水摩擦系数的计算公式。计算结果表明,得到的摩擦压降满足摇摆条件周期波动的特点,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

2.4m跨声速风洞槽壁试验段调试及流场校测

介绍了新研制的2.4m跨声速风洞槽壁试验段调试情况及流场校测结果。结果表明：该试验段边界层厚度、消波特性等满足使用需求,具有较大的流场均匀区,在M数为0.30～1.00范围内的核心流场M数分布均方根偏差满足GJB1179-91高速风洞与低速风洞流场品质规范合格指标要求,部分马赫数的均方根偏差达到或接近先进指标要求,可投入型号试验。槽壁试验段的成功研制提高了2.4m跨声速风洞承担大型飞机试验任务的能力,在中国大型飞机工程气动设计中将发挥重要的平台作用。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

Chemical and Physical Processing of Presolar Materials in the Solar Nebula and the Implications for Preservation of Presolar Materials in Comets

Chemical and physical processes in the outer solar nebula are reviewed. It is argued that the outer nebula was a chemically active environment with UV photochemistry and ion-molecule chemistry in its low density regions and grain-catalyzed chemistry in Jovian protoplanetary subnebulae. Presolar material was altered to greater or lesser extent by these spatially and temporally variable processes, which mimic many features of interstellar chemistry. Experiments, models, and observations are recommended to address the questions of presolar versus nebular dominance in the outer solar nebula and of how to distinguish interstellar and nebular sources of cometary volatiles. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of magnetic flux tube and cosmic string behavior in Kerr metric

Cosmic strings are topological defects which were generated at a transition phase of the very early Universe and are probably responsible for large-scale structure forming. However, they may pull through all history and exist in the recent epoch. Thus, they can have influence for the recent Universe interacting with different objects. We consider the cosmic string behavior in the vicinity of a spinning black hole by means of a numerical simulation. Here we present preliminary results of this work via a comparison of cosmic string and magnetic flux tube behavior in the Kerr metric. Such an approach follows from the similarity of the equations which describe these objects. Therefore, many aspects of this behavior may be comparable.