Estimation of sediment settling velocity in estuarine and coastal waters using optical remote sensing data

A robust method has been developed for estimating sediment settling velocity (w_s) from high resolution optical remote sensing data in estuarine, coastal and harbor waters. This method estimates settling velocity as a function of the drag coefficient (C_d), Reynolds number (Re), grain size (D₅₀), specific gravity (Δ_SG) and grain shape (in terms of the Corey Shape Factor – CSF). These parameters were derived from the particulate inherent optical properties such as backscattering (b_bp), beam attenuation (c_p), suspended sediment concentration and turbidity using Landsat 8 OLI and HICO data. Preliminary results for the Gulf of Cambay in the eastern Arabian Sea and Yangtze river estuary in the East China Sea, showed that satellite-retrieved settling velocities (m?s^?1) varied from very low values in clear oceanic waters, intermediate values in coastal waters, to very high values in river plumes and sediment-laden coastal waters. The remote sensing retrievals of sediment properties and their settling velocities were generally consistent with the field and laboratory results, which indicate that the proposed methodology will have important implications in various coastal engineering, environmental and management studies.     

金属波纹管内液氧流动的涡脱落特性仿真

针对液氧在液体火箭发动机波纹管内的非定常流动，建立了二维数学模型，采用大涡模拟方法模拟了波纹管褶合处周期性的涡脱落现象。基于控制变量法，分析了液氧流动速度、波纹管几何参数对涡脱落频率的影响。结果表明:波纹管涡脱落运动的频率与液氧流动速度近似成正比，与波纹管褶合的特征长度近似成反比。在此基础上，归纳出了计算波纹管涡脱落频率的经验式。     

Influence of different data fusion methods on the accuracy of three-dimensional displacements field

Combining multi-source data can improve the accuracy and the spatial resolution of the three-dimensional (3-D) displacements field. How to effectively integrate multi-source data to obtain high-precision and high spatial resolution 3-D displacements field is worthy of further study. The stochastic model and fusion model of integrating multi-source data affect the accuracy of data fusion. In this paper, based on the least squares method, the effects of different stochastic models and data fusion models on the 3-D displacements field’s accuracy are studied. The optimal method for estimating large-scale 3-D displacements field from integrated InSAR, leveling and GPS measurements is obtained. Then we realize the integrating InSAR, leveling and GPS measurements to obtain the high-precision 3-D displacements velocity field in Tianjin (China) from 2016 to 2018. The results are validated with GPS measurements at 6 independent stations, with the root mean squares (RMS) residuals of the discrepancies being 2.39 mm/yr, 2.54 mm/yr and 2.83 mm/yr in eastern, northern and vertical directions, respectively. By comparing different stochastic models, the 3-D displacements field obtained from multi-source data is optimized by the variance component estimation-least squares method, which is better than weighted least squares (WLS) method. By comparing different data fusion models, the accuracy of the horizontal displacements velocity is better than that of interpolated GPS results. The horizontal displacements component has a great influence on the vertical displacements velocity accuracy in the process of acquiring the 3-D displacements velocity by integrating InSAR, GPS and leveling measurements. This study provides a reference method for integrating multi-source data to obtain 3-D displacements field. This method effectively utilizes the advantages of GPS, InSAR and leveling measurements, and extends the limitations of single technical in describing surface-time scale applications. The 3-D displacements information with a large spatial scale and high spatial resolution provide a reliable data basis for studying the crustal movement and its dynamic mechanism.     

基于伪随机码相位调制和外差探测的高精度激光测速测距系统研究

为在远距离范围内实现高精度的激光测速测距，提出了一种联合利用伪随机码相位调制和外差探测技术的激光测速测距方法，并搭建了实验验证平台。当激光出射功率为2mW、参考光功率为117 、调制速率为100MHz、单周期内伪随机码序列长度为81.9 时，该系统在对位于约8 m处、径向速度约为1.4 m/s的目标进行测试时，可以实现0.138m的测距精度，以及4.16cm/s 的测速精度。实验结果证实，该套系统可实现高精度的径向速度和距离测量，且系统工作状态为长脉宽低峰值功率，为远距离的激光测速测距系统设计开辟了一条新途径。     

航天器太阳圆面速度差/太阳视方向组合导航

针对航天器，尤其是深空探测器的自主导航问题，提出了一种新的太阳圆面速度差天文量测信息，该信息利用太阳的较差自转所造成的太阳圆面各点速度不同的特性，是探测器当前位置的函数，其几何本质是一个探测器的位置圆锥。在此基础上，基于太阳圆面速度差和太阳视方向互补的特性，提出了一种太阳圆面速度差/太阳视方向组合导航新方法，将太阳圆面速度差与太阳视方向2种量测量结合起来，实现了量测量之间的优势互补，进一步提高了导航性能。以太阳探测器为例进行了仿真，仿真结果表明相比较于单独用太阳圆面速度差或太阳视方向的导航方法，基于太阳圆面速度差/太阳视方向的组合导航方法精度分别提升了10.2%和16.0%。此外，还分析了光谱仪精度、采样周期和光谱仪数量对导航性能的影响，为深空探测自主导航提供了新的理论与方法。     

Three-dimensional analysis of relationship between relative orientation and motion modes

Target motion modes have a close relationship with the relative orientation of missile-totarget in three-dimensional highly maneuvering target interception. From the perspective of relationship between the sensor coordinate system and the target body coordinate system, a basic model of sensor is stated and the definition of relative angular velocity between the two coordinate systems is introduced firstly. Then, the three-dimensional analytic expressions of relative angular velocity for different motion modes are derived and simplified by analyzing the influences of target centroid motion, rotation around centroid and relative motion. Finally, the relationships of the relative angular velocity directions and values with motion modes are discussed. Simulation results validate the rationality of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that there are significant differences of the relative orientation in different motion modes which include luxuriant information about motion modes. The conclusions are significant for the research of motion mode identification,maneuver detection, maneuvering target tracking and interception using target signatures.     

基于预处理和网格自适应的风力机翼型气动力计算

用预处理后的Navier-Stokes方程数值模拟低马赫数下风力机翼型的静态和动态绕流流动。为了提高计算的精度,运用了网格自适应技术:初始网格的流场计算收敛后,采用流场速度的紊乱度捕捉湍流区域;采用直接分裂初始父单元的H型网格加密方法对湍流区域进行局部加密。基于初始网格与自适应网格的计算结果与实验结果的对比表明,网格自适应方法提高了计算的精度。     

明渠恒定均匀流试验中尾门的影响范围

利用PIV测量了明渠恒定均匀流中离尾门（活页式及闸板式）不同距离的9条断面中垂线的流速分布,分析了尾门对中垂线时均流速、紊动强度、雷诺应力及能谱特征的影响范围。对比活页式和闸板式两种尾门的差异可以发现,闸板尾门对时均流速的影响要明显大于活页尾门,而对于脉动强度、雷诺应力和能谱特征的影响,二者差异可以忽略。对于时均流速,在距离50h后两种尾门的影响均小于1.0%;对于纵向紊动强度、垂向紊动强度及雷诺应力,以4.0%、4.0%、10.0%作为衡量标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h、25h、30h;对于纵、垂向能谱特征参数k50,以偏差值15.0%、6.0%作为标准,尾门的影响距离分别为35h和40h。     

氢气泡法图像的数字化处理分析

对氢气泡法产生的时间线进行数字化,把图像的灰度分布存入数组进行运算,识别氢气泡时间线的前缘和后缘。根据距氢气泡发生线最近的两条时间线的前缘或后缘间距以及氢气泡时间线的时间间隔,计算流速分布。本文还提出一种测量湍流结构的速度的方法,简称结构相关法:对两幅一定时间间隔的氢气泡图像进行数字化得到灰度数组,圈定拟序结构的一部分,利用相关原理比较两图像的数组,得到所圈定拟序结构的位移,进而求得其运动速度。