稀薄效应对可倾瓦动压气体轴承性能的影响

以微型三可倾瓦动压气体轴承为研究对象,采用连续模型、一阶滑移模型和WU新滑移模型速度边界条件,建立考虑稀薄效应的滑移修正雷诺方程。结合牛顿迭代法和有限差分法求解修正雷诺方程,计算考虑稀薄效应的三可倾瓦动压气体轴承各瓦块压力分布和承载力。计算结果表明:三可倾瓦动压气体轴承偏心率越大,转速越大,压缩系数越大,轴承承载力越大;考虑稀薄效应后,计算出的可倾瓦动压气体轴承承载力明显下降,且随着克努森数的增大,WU新滑移模型计算得到的承载力明显低于一阶滑移模型。     

带落速落角约束的高超声速飞行器俯冲轨迹规划方法

针对高超声速飞行器俯冲段精确打击任务需求,提出了一种能够同时满足落速与落角约束的轨迹规划方法。建立了两段式轨迹规划策略,第一段采用参数化控制剖面调节飞行速度,第二段采用传统偏置比例导引律实现落角控制。将控制剖面的参数设计分解为多参数优化与单参数搜索两个问题：通过离线求解可行初始位置范围最大的多参数优化问题,提高控制剖面对初始偏差的适应性;通过在线求解带罚函数的单参数搜索问题,得到落速偏差最小的俯冲轨迹。结合高超声速飞行器模型,对所提出的俯冲轨迹规划方法进行了仿真。结果表明,该方法能够得到满足落速与落角约束的俯冲轨迹,具有较好的求解效率,且对初始状态偏差具有较强的鲁棒性。     

贴地飞行时旋翼空气动力学实验研究

 本文对贴地飞行时的旋翼进行了流场显示和桨盘处下洗速度测量的实验研究。揭示并研究了环流和地面涡现象及其对旋翼平面下洗速度分布的影响,指出了旋翼贴地飞行时拉力、力矩等剧烈变化的原因。     

大角速度柔性航天器动力学模型修正

将拉格朗日方程及其准坐标形式用于中心刚体加柔性附件航天器的拉格朗日函数,推导了中心刚体加柔性附件航天器动力学模型。针对航天器大角速度,分析中心刚体角速度对角动量方程的影响,对传统动力学模型进行修正。航天器绕惯量主轴大角速度自旋仿真结果验证了修正后的动力学模型对于大角速度航天器的有效性。     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

Integration of GPS and low cost INS for pedestrian navigation aided by building layout

In outdoor environments, GPS is often used for pedestrian navigation by utilizing its signals for position computation, but in indoor or semi-obstructed environments, GPS signals are often unavailable. Therefore, pedestrian navigation for these environments should be realized by the integration of GPS and inertial navigation system （INS）. However, the lowcost INS could induce errors that may result in a large position drift. The problem can be minimized by mounting the sensors on the pedestrian＇s foot, using zero velocity update （ZUPT） method with the standard navigation algorithm to restrict the error growth. However, heading drift still remains despite using ZUPT measurements since the heading error is unobservable. Also, tbot mounted INS suffers from the initialization ambiguity of position and heading from GPS. In this paper, a novel algorithm is developed to mitigate the heading drift problem when using ZUPT. The method uses building lay- out to aid the heading measurement in Kalman filter, and it could also be combined for the initial- ization. The algorithm has been investigated with real field trials using the low cost Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 inertial sensor, a Leica GS10 GPS receiver and a uBlox EVK-6T GPS receiver. It could be concluded that the proposed method offers a significant improvement in position accuracy for the long period, allowing pedestrian navigation for nearly40 min with mean position error less than 2.8 m. This method also has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the initialization.     

基于角速率和速度增量的捷联惯性导航算法研究

捷联惯性导航算法一般是基于惯性器件输出为角速率、比力或角增量、速度增量进行设计的,不能直接应用于陀螺输出为角速率、加速度计输出为速度增量的捷联惯性导航系统。为了解决此问题和满足精度要求,重新设计了一套捷联惯性导航算法:姿态更新算法采用了经典的四阶龙格-库塔法,推导出了一种新的速度更新算法,该算法可以有效补偿速度计算中的划桨效应误差。仿真结果表明,该种速度更新算法仿真速度快、精度高,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

天文导航在航天工程应用中的若干问题及进展

导航作为航天器核心技术之一,是确保航天任务成败的关键。天文导航以其连续性好、自主性强、实时性优、导航精度高等优点,逐渐成为航天器导航的有效手段。基于国内外天文导航理论及应用的现状,结合近地卫星、深空探测任务特点,探讨了天文导航在航天工程应用中的理论问题与技术问题,如导航目标源观测量精确建模问题、高精度感知与检测问题等,并对新型天文导航技术进行了展望,指出了未来天文导航理论与技术的发展方向,为解决航天工程中的连续自主、实时高精度导航问题提供了有效途径,为学术与工程界进一步深入开展航天器天文导航理论与技术研究提供参考。     

ZSGH4169合金细观力学行为的数值模拟

基于晶体塑性本构理论,利用多晶代表性单元从细观尺度研究了ZSGH4169合金在650℃条件下考虑双轴应力状态的循环应力应变行为.计算结果表明:该合金在双轴拉伸应力控制下存在与低周疲劳试验常用的单轴应力状态一致的棘轮效应.对两种应力状态下的结果进行对比发现,在1150MPa应力单轴循环载荷下初始循环残余应变比双轴应力状态高出3倍,且双轴应力状态下最终循环稳定,残余应变约为1.2%,但在单轴应力状态下是不稳定的.对应力和塑性应变累积不均匀性的分析表明:单轴和双轴拉伸状态下,虽然应力和应变分布的不均匀性都随着循环数的增加而增加,但单轴拉伸状态下平均应力随循环数增加,而双轴拉伸状态下几乎为常数.      

1+1对转涡轮气动设计技术研究

分析了对转涡轮方案的影响因素,推导了带导叶对转涡轮基元级速度三角形参数与涡轮效率和出功比的关系,进行了速度三角形的分析,得到了带导叶对转涡轮速度三角形的设计规律。为验证此规律,选取了基元级基本参数,在此基础上,进行了考虑冷却的1+1对转涡轮气动方案的设计;并利用三维数值模拟手段对所设计的气动方案进行了验证。结果表明,所完成的涡轮气动方案能够满足设计要求,且选取的速度三角形基本参数与数值模拟结果较为接近。