Evaluation of conflict-resolution policies on controller taskload

In an effort to maintain safety while satisfying growing air traffic demand, air navigation service providers are considering the inclusion of advisory systems to identify potential conflicts and propose resolution commands for the air traffic controller to verify and issue to aircraft. To understand the potential workload implications of introducing advisory conflict-detection and resolution tools, this paper examines a metric of controller taskload: how many resolution commands an air traffic controller issues under the guidance of an advisory system. Through a simulation study, the research presented here evaluates how the underlying protocol of a conflict-resolution tool affects the controller taskload (system demands) associated with the conflict-resolution process, and implicitly the controller workload (physical and psychological demands). Ultimately, evidence indicates that there is significant flexibility in the design of conflict-resolution algorithms supporting an advisory system.     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

Parallel,adaptive, multi-object trajectory integrator for space simulation applications

Computer simulation is a very helpful approach for improving results from space born experiments. Initial-value problems (IVPs) can be applied for modeling dynamics of different objects – artificial Earth satellites, charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, charged or non-charged dust particles, space debris. An ordinary differential equations systems (ODESs) integrator based on applying different order embedded Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg methods is developed. These methods enable evaluation of the local error. Instead of step-size control based on local error evaluation, an optimal integration method is selected. Integration while meeting the required local error proceeds with constant-sized steps. This optimal scheme selection reduces the amount of calculation needed for solving the IVPs. In addition, for an implementation on a multi core processor and parallelization based on threads application, we describe how to solve multiple systems of IVPs efficiently in parallel.     

飞机维修工具的自制与评估探索

在飞机维修过程中,自制工具往往能起到提高工作效率、降低维修成本的积极作用。但由于飞机维修行业的特殊性,维修工具不可随意自制,局方对于自制工具有着明确的限制和要求。本文结合实例,探讨了如何准确地对飞机维修自制工具进行分类和评估。     

复杂曲面零件五轴加工刀轴整体优化方法

 针对复杂曲面零件五轴加工中刀轴矢量变化剧烈、严重影响工件表面加工质量的问题,提出一种基于临界约束的五轴刀轴矢量整体优化方法。首先,构造了给定切触点处所有可行摆刀平面,并在摆刀平面内根据临界约束计算出临界刀轴矢量,在获得临界刀轴矢量的基础上,对其进行平面映射,建立了刀轴摆动的初始可行域;其次,通过对初始可行域进行均匀离散,根据离散点之间相对位置关系构造邻接矩阵,并结合最短路径搜索算法获得了初始参考刀轴,从而构造了新的刀轴摆动可行域;最后,建立当前切削行内无干涉且相邻刀轴变化最小的刀轴矢量优化模型,实现自由曲面五轴加工无干涉刀轴矢量的光滑控制。两种自由曲面叶轮的加工算例分析表明,采用本文方法获得的刀轴矢量可以明显改善机床的运动性能,避免了刀具干涉的产生,可提高复杂曲面零件的加工质量与效率。     

基于VERICUT刀具切削参数关系的研究及优化

本文通过对刀具切削参数进行分析研究,同时对VERICUT的优化原理进行了探索,建立了基于VERICUT刀具切削参数的优化模型,分析多种不同的优化方法。最后通过实例分析了基于VERICUT优化设计的过程,最终优化并改进不合理的加工轨迹,避免了实际加工过程中可能出现的异常现象,提高了数控机床加工功能和设计效率,时间减少了17．52％,降低了新产品研发的成本。     

硬笔写生的色彩借鉴与表现--浅谈美术设计专业的速写教学

速写是线的艺术也是黑白的艺术.在教学实践中,应从其它黑白造型艺术(如中国水墨与白描、黑白装饰画、图案、版画等)中吸取营养,让学生借鉴这些造型艺术形式中的黑白美学原则,并熟练运用"线条"和"色彩"两种语言来表现自然.     

并联机构组合式自动建模研究

并联机床设计数字化需要实现其核心部分并联机构的高效建模与仿真.在并联机构组合建模和抽象字符串描述的基础上,探讨了并联机构组合式自动建模的原理和算法.所开发的并联机构组合式自动建模模块可以实现高效的并联机构数字化设计、建模与仿真.      

变量化约束草图驱动的药柱三维特征设计研究

为了直观而准确地支持固体火箭发动机药柱设计,提出了一种约束草图驱动的药柱三维特征造型方法。该设计方法首先通过变量化约束求解引擎对设计人员模糊的设计概念进行精确的几何坐标定位,形成一幅设计变量驱动的约束草图。然后,经过药柱特征定义,在设计规则和基于设计历史的燃面追溯统计算法的支持下,设计人员能够在约束草图上进行任意形式复杂药柱的特征定义、造型设计、燃面推移仿真与燃面统计。最后,开发了相应的药柱设计系统,并以一个管槽形药柱的设计过程,验证了本设计方法的计算效率、直观性、准确性和有效性。     

旋翼/机翼转换式高速直升机RD15方案设计

首先对目前各种类型的高速直升机方案和提高前飞速度的新技术进行了综合比较和分析,在此基础上提出了一种旋翼/机翼转换式高速方案。然后,设计了高速直升机RD15的总体方案和直升机/飞机模式的转换过程。在该方案中,升力系统由盘翼和可收缩的桨叶组成;悬停和低速前飞时的控制采用单片桨叶控制技术;尾部采用矢量推力的涵道螺桨,不仅在悬停时提供方向控制,而且在飞机模式时提供高速前飞的推力和多种控制。最后,对此方案旋翼系统的气动特性和关键技术——直升机/飞机模式转换过程中盘翼的仰角、桨叶的长度、转速以及桨距等参数的变化进行了理论和试验研究,并建立了盘翼/旋翼系统的气动计算模型。计算和试验表明,该方案在直升机/飞机模式相互转化过程中升力、功率和操纵的改变能够实现平滑连续地过渡并保证操稳性。