A Self-organizing Bearings-only Target Tracking Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

In the bearings-only target tracking, wireless sensor network (WSN) collects observations of the target direction at various nodes and uses an adaptive filter to combine them for target tracking. An efficient network management is necessary to gain an optimal tradeoff between locating accuracy and energy consumption. This article proposes a self-organizing target tracking algorithm to select the most beneficial subset of nodes to track the target at every snapshot. Compared with traditional methods, this scheme avoids the need for keeping global position information of the network as in greedy selection. Each node judges its future usefulness depending on the knowledge of its own position and using simple mathematics computation. Simulations indicate that this scheme has locating accuracy comparable to the global greedy algorithm. Also, it has good robustness against node failure and autonomous adaptability to the change of the network scale. Furthermore, this algorithm consumes limited energy because only a portion of nodes partakes in the selection at every snapshot.     

基于随机森林的航空器到达时刻预测

航空器到达时刻（ ETA）预测是进场排序与调度的基础,因此进场飞行时间的快速与准确预测显得尤为重要。通过分析航班信息、天气信息以及空中交通信息,基于随机森林算法构建了航空器到达时刻预测模型。选取上海浦东机场进场航班进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,预测模型可以实现航空器到达时刻的快速与准确预测。     

A direct position determination method with combined TDOA and FDOA based on particle filter

The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination (DPD) methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA), do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.     

基于分层人工鱼群的相干极化-DOA联合估计

智能优化算法是解决多维非线性优化问题、提高计算效率的有力工具。本文针对相干辐射源极化-空间角联合估计中计算量巨大的工程难题,以广义子空间拟合约束公式为代价函数,提出一种分层人工鱼群算法。该算法基于分层协同策略将鱼群分为底层和顶层,底层以人工鱼群算法进行全局搜索以保证种群多样性,顶层以粒子群算法进行局部搜索以加快收敛速度。仿真结果证明：分层人工鱼群算法能大幅降低广义子空间拟合的计算量,尤其是在较多目标的情况下。算法可有效提高计算效率,同时可提供优于传统人工鱼群算法的估计精度。     

一种改进的雷达低空目标仰角估计算法

由于地(海)面反射的多径镜像信号的存在,使雷达低空目标的仰角估计成了难题。而三子孔径算法是针对该难题而提出的一种有效算法。此算法基于极大似然算法将等距线阵均分为三个子孔径,从而简化了估计函数,也使计算量大大减少。本文在三子孔径算法的基础上,利用目标信号与镜像信号在入射角度上的正弦约束条件,给出了一种改进算法。计算机仿真结果显示改进算法在性能上要优于三子孔径算法。     

互质阵中空间谱估计研究进展

阵列信号处理技术是信号处理领域一个重要分支,广泛应用于雷达、声呐、水电天文等领域。空间谱估计是阵列信号处理中一个主要研究热点,为了避免角度模糊,要求阵元间距要小于等于载波波长的一半。互质阵突破半波长的限制,其阵元间距一般大于半波长。因此,互质阵能够在阵元数固定的情况下,获得更大的阵列孔径。互质阵空间谱估计算法可以利用互质特性辨识目标源,且能够获得更高的测向精度与分辨率。互质阵空间谱估计研究逐渐成为当今阵列信号处理领域的热点。本文总结了互质线阵与互质面阵下的空间谱估计的研究进展,分析了互质阵列相对于普通均匀阵列在阵列孔径扩展以及提高空间自由方面的优势。仿真结果展现了互质阵下高效的波达方向估计性能。     

线性极化敏感阵列的极化平滑算法及相干源参数估计

 研究了基于极化敏感阵列的相干信号参数估计问题。首先,提出一种利用均匀线性极化敏感阵列的新型极化平滑算法(ULAPSA),其能够处理更多相干信号的参数估计,且具有更小的计算量。然后,基于ULAPSA给出了波达方向（DOA）和极化参数估计的两种方法：第1种方法利用角度搜索得到信号的DOA估计,适应任何多分量的电磁矢量传感器阵列;第2种方法结合传播算子算法,无需奇异值分解和角度搜索,能够同时估计信号的DOA和极化参数。该方法适应完备的电磁矢量传感器、三偶极子或三磁环构成的矢量传感器。最后,通过仿真实验比较和分析了所提算法的性能。     

微波加热实现陶瓷材料同时烧结与连接的研究

利用微波加热方法对ＺＴＡ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋２０ｗｔ％ＺｒＯ２）,Ｙ－ＴＺＰ（２．７ｍｏｌ％Ｙ２Ｏ３）进行了同时烧结与连接,并进行了常规加热对比试验。对ＺＴＡ、Ｙ－ＴＺＰ的烧结密度及二者的连接强度进行了评定。利用扫描电镜对微观组织进行了观察。结果表明,利用微波加热可以顺利实现陶瓷材料之间的同时烧结与连接。与常规方法相比,微波加热时致密化过程快,收缩致密化协调性好,组织细小、均匀,连接强度高。     

非均匀噪声稀疏均匀圆阵的二维DOA估计

针对在机载雷达、通信等领域有着广泛应用的均匀圆阵(UCA),研究了非均匀噪声下稀疏均匀圆阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计.首先采用改进的相位模式方法构造非均匀噪卢稀疏均匀圆阵的波柬空间似然函数;之后,在分析非均匀噪声稀疏均匀圆阵的波束空间似然函数特点的基础上,修改了Burg的逆迭代算法以适应稀疏均匀圆阵下非均匀噪声自相关...     

面向柱面结构的自动铺带四轴联动成形研究

 根据柱面的结构特点,提出了面向柱面复合材料结构的自动铺带四轴联动成形方案,并以卧式自动铺带机为例进行分析。以保证铺放头压力线平行于曲面在铺放点的法线和保证铺放速度恒定为原则,根据D-H理论建立柱面固定角度铺放成形时铺带机各关节运动量的计算方法。应用逆运动学理论,对四轴联动铺带成形进行了运动学分析。从四轴联动铺带机的机构与控制、铺放速度、成形效率、方案可行性4个方面进行了深入分析,并进行可视化仿真和实验验证。结果表明应用本文方法,可实现用四轴联动铺带机完成柱面复合材料自动铺放成形,对于铺放成形效率要求不苛求的小批量实验或生产,具有低成本的突出优势。