逆主流射流式旋涡发生器对涡轮流动分离控制数值模拟

通过数值计算,详细研究了射流偏转角与主流夹角大于90°的逆主流小孔稳态射流(Reversed in jectionVG Js)对低雷诺数涡轮流动分离的控制。研究结果发现,逆主流射流对主流的扰动引起射流孔后边界层迅速转捩可抑制流动分离现象。射流作为"湍流发生器"从控制机理上有别于90°偏转角VG Js射流状态。高射流湍流度(10%),135°逆主流VG Js在达到与90°偏转角VG Js基本相同的流动分离控制效果时,可降低射流流量67%。     

雷暴电场对LHAASO探测面宇宙线次级粒子能量的影响

采用Monte Carlo方法,通过模拟研究了不同强度雷暴电场对LHAASO探测面宇宙线次级电子能量的影响.在电场作用下,电子的能量分布发生了变化.在低能段总电子数目增加明显,而在高能段电场的影响不明显.当电场强度为1700V·cm-1（大于逃逸电场）时,能量<120MeV的电子被加速,能量<60MeV的总电子数目呈指数增长（增幅高达约2252%）,雷暴电场对次级粒子的加速机制与相对论电子逃逸雪崩机制（RREA）相符.当电场强度为1000V·cm-1（小于逃逸电场）时,能量<70MeV的电子被加速,其数目明显增加,但是增幅（约86%）远小于逃逸电场时的幅度.对电场强度小于逃逸电场时的雷暴电场加速宇宙线次级粒子的物理机制进行了讨论.研究结果可为理解LHAASO实验数据特点以及研究雷暴期间宇宙线强度的变化等提供参考.      

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

基于复合模型及FSQP算法的发动机性能寻优控制试验

提出了一种在保证优化效果前提下提高发动机在线性能寻优实时性的方法,即一方面基于相似理论建立了适用于非加力状态的发动机复合稳态模型,在优化过程中替代原部件级模型以缩短优化计算时间,另一方面采用先进的可行性序列二次规划算法寻求全局最优解,以提高优化精度。最终实现了上述方案在最小油耗模式及最大推力模式下的数字仿真及半物理模拟验证,相比于传统的基于发动机部件级模型进行性能寻优控制,其优化精度相当,但优化实时性得到大幅度提高,从仿真结果可以看出上述方案的有效性及可行性。     

软式加油过程中软管鞭打现象数值模拟研究

对空中加油过程中软管锥套系统产生的鞭打现象进行了数值模拟.流场计算中的空间离散采用Osher格式,紊流模型采用S-A一方程模型;运用“刚杆-球铰”模型离散方法对软管锥套系统建模,建立了软管多体系统模型并推导其运动控制方程;采用一类基于相邻单元搜索算法,通过搜寻软管节点所在加油机尾流场网格的宿主单元,建立软管微段气动力与流场的联系.运用方法对软管锥套系统的动态特性进行了仿真,结果与国内外飞行试验结果相吻合.     

固体发动机含表面裂纹的端面燃烧药柱工作过程仿真研究

采用燃烧室零维动力学模型，对模拟发动机正常工作过程和含不同尺寸裂纹的工作过程进行了仿真计算和比较研究，得到了裂纹尺寸对工作过程影响的初步结论，为今后的实验研究工作做了先期准备。     

Scramjet整机流场的非结构网格并行数值模拟

为了得到某支板喷氢超燃冲压发动机内流场的细节,采用非结构网格CFD隐式解算器,耦合求解Na-vire-Stokes方程、组分连续方程和M enter的k-ω应力剪切传输(SST)湍流模型,对整机模型的冷流和三个当量油气比的湍流反应流进行了三维并行模拟。给出了流线和水的分布云图,分析了支板附近旋涡和推进流道一维质量加权平均的马赫数、静温、组分质量分数及燃烧效率等参数随当量油气比的变化,并将壁面压力和实验值进行了比较,吻合较好。除=0.8在支板附近出现了小范围亚声速外,其余状态整个内流道超声速占主流。     

Cellular communication and “non-targeted effects”: Modelling approaches

During the last decade, a large number of experimental studies on the so-called “non-targeted effects”, in particular bystander effects, outlined that cellular communication plays a significant role in the pathways leading to radiobiological damage. Although it is known that two main types of cellular communication (i.e. via gap junctions and/or molecular messengers diffusing in the extra-cellular environment, such as cytokines, NO etc.) play a major role, it is of utmost importance to better understand the underlying mechanisms, and how such mechanisms can be modulated by ionizing radiation. Though the “final” goal is of course to elucidate the in vivo scenario, in the meanwhile also in vitro studies can provide useful insights. In the present paper we will discuss key issues on the mechanisms underlying non-targeted effects and cell communication, for which theoretical models and simulation codes can be of great help. In this framework, we will present in detail three literature models, as well as an approach under development at the University of Pavia. More specifically, we will first focus on a version of the “State-Vector Model” including bystander-induced apoptosis of initiated cells, which was successfully fitted to in vitro data on neoplastic transformation supporting the hypothesis of a protective bystander effect mediated by apoptosis. The second analyzed model, focusing on the kinetics of bystander effects in 3D tissues, was successfully fitted to data on bystander damage in an artificial 3D skin system, indicating a signal range of the order of 0.7–1 mm. A third model for bystander effect, taking into account of spatial location, cell killing and repopulation, showed dose–response curves increasing approximately linearly at low dose rates but quickly flattening out for higher dose rates, also predicting an effect augmentation following dose fractionation. Concerning the Pavia approach, which can model the release, diffusion and depletion/degradation of candidate signals (e.g. cytokines) travelling in the extra-cellular environment, the good agreement with ad hoc experimental data obtained in our laboratory validated the adopted approach, which in the future can be applied also to other candidate signals.     

微型气压伺服回路结构与动特性研究

在进行颤振主动抑制的风洞实验中,为了精确可靠地确定机翼主动抑制系统的控制律,有效地达到抑制机翼颤振的目的,必须设计一种其结构和性能都能满足风洞模型的控制面操纵机构,并且必须确定控制面伺服回路的数学模型。本文简单介绍了一种自己设计的用于低速风洞机翼模型的微型气压伺服回路。并介绍了应用频率响应技术测试其动特性和应用最小二乘法由实测频响拟合传递函数的结果。     

钝锥超声速粘性绕流的隐式推进求解方法研究

本文提出了一种新的推进求解方法。通过对模型方程的稳定性分析和钝锥超声速绕流的数值模拟,表明该方法既克服了文献中推进格式步长有下界和稳定性差的不足,也克服了亚声速区压力不好处理的困难。文中建立的一阶、二阶隐式推进格式,稳定性好,推进步长无下界,计算结果的精度较高。