乘波飞行器气动力、热特性的数值模拟研究

采用多块分区网格以及并行计算技术对给定乘波构形的高超声速飞行器进行了数值模 拟,分析了飞行器前缘小半径钝化对飞行器气动性能的影响,计算了前缘钝化后飞行器表面 的热流分布状况。结果表明,前缘钝化对飞行器的升力影响不大,对阻力和升阻比的影响较 大。对于曲率半径为1cm的钝化前缘,与原尖前缘飞行器相比,其升力降低了0.78％,阻 力增加6.96％,升阻比下降7.21％。前缘钝化后,乘波飞行器仍具有较好的气动性能, 飞行器前机身可为发动机提供比较均匀的气流,飞行器整体仍基本保持了乘波的状态,热流 主要集中在飞行器前缘上。为了有效防热,需要采用主动式冷却技术。     

Schemed Power-augmented Flow for Wing-in-ground Effect Craft in Cruise

To provide detailed insight into schemed power-augmented flow for wing-in-ground effect(WIG) craft in view of the concept of cruising with power assistance,this paper presents a numerical study.The engine installed before the wing for power-augmented flow is replaced by a simplified engine model in the simulations,and is considered to be equipped with a thrust vector nozzle.Flow features with different deflected nozzle angles are studied.Comparisons are made on aerodynamics to evaluate performance of power-augmented ram(PAR) modes in cruise.Considerable schemes of power-augmented flow in cruise are described.The air blown from the PAR engine accelerates the flow around wing and a high-speed attached flow near the trailing edge is recorded for certain deflected nozzle angles.This effect takes place and therefore the separation is prevented not only at the trailing edge but also on the whole upper side.The realization of suction varies with PAR modes.It is also found that scheme of blowing air under the wing for PAR engine is aerodynamically not efficient in cruise.The power-augmented flow is extremely complicated.The numerical results give clear depiction of the flow.Optimal scheme of power-augmented flow with respect to the craft in cruise depends on the specific engines and the flight regimes.     

弹体旋转对超音速射流元件的影响研究

研究了弹体旋转对超音速射流元件（SFE）的内部流场结构及输出推力特性的影响,并采用二维N—S方程以及RNG k-ε湍流模型,用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟方法和滑移网格技术进行了数值模拟。结果表明,弹体旋转对超音速射流元件内部流场结构几乎没有影响,而对姿态控制发动机的控制推力大小和方向的影响不容忽视。所得结论可为旋转弹姿态控制系统的总体设计以及超音速射流元件的结构及气动参数选择提供依据。     

高性能飞机发展对控制理论的挑战

根据笔者30余年来飞行试验研究的实践,从实际飞行的角度简要综述了影响飞行安全的大迎角过失速机动、超低空重载空投、飞行器突发故障和无人机控制方法研究。描述了操纵稳定性飞行试验获取飞机模型的手段和通常飞行控制器设计对模型的近似,给出了8个飞行鲁棒控制的研究问题;对超低空重载空投控制方法进行了描述,并给出了飞行器出现故障时突变模型和容错控制方法;同时,描述了测量对飞行控制特别是对保障无人机飞行安全的重要性,指出了飞行控制方法研究存在的部分问题,并建议有关高校研究单位从稳定性很好的四旋翼转向固定翼或单旋翼战术无人机等高层次研究。     

基于元胞传输模型的实时交通信息设计

随着智能交通技术的发展,可变信息标志(VMS,Variable Message Signs)被广泛应用于动态交通管理中.元胞传输模型(CTM,Cell Transmission Model)可以很好地模拟交通流激波、排队形成与消散等交通流动力学特性.提出一种新的基于CTM的路径行驶时间计算方法,并使用LOGIT原则计算路径选择概率,针对重复性拥挤和非重复性拥挤2种交通状况,分析了VMS对交通流的影响.数值模拟结果表明,理论模型能够合理反映现实的交通状况:发生重复性拥挤时,VMS能够合理疏导人们的出行,减缓交通拥挤;而发生非重复性拥挤时,VMS对高需求和低需求情形下的交通流影响相似,但在高需求情形下,路径选择对模型参数的敏感区很小.      

分子动力学及热分析方法研究CL-20与推进剂主要组分的相互作用

采用分子动力学模拟(MD)计算与差示扫描量热法(DSC)相结合,研究六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)与推进剂主要组分间的相互作用,用理论键长变化趋势分析实验结果。分子动力学模拟计算键长变化趋势结果表明,CL-20与黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)混合体系的引发键N—NO2键最大键长Lmax随温度升高显著的单调递增,且当CL-20与RDX、HMX共混后,键长普遍增大,更容易断裂分解;而CL-20与硝化棉(NC)、硝化甘油(NG)共混后各个键长均与单质状态下存在时的键长相比变化不大,一些键长均小于其单质状态下存在时的键长,推测CL-20与NG、NC键混合后稳定性较好,不易发生键的断裂分解。DSC结果表明,CL-20与RDX和HMX之间在大于156℃的较高温度条件下存在强烈的相互作用,CL-20与NG、NC之间没有明显的化学作用。     

Modelling particle transport with stochastic simulations

We use stochastic simulations to calculate the evolution of particle distributions in complex situations. Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions is made, for the case of electrons moving from the corona to the chromosphere and undergoing pure scattering. A temporally fragmented beam injection is treated, under various atmospheric conditions.     

Autonomous Navigation for the Deep Impact Mission Encounter with Comet Tempel 1

The engineering goal of the Deep Impact mission is to impact comet Tempel 1 on July 4, 2005, with a 370 kg active Impactor spacecraft (s/c). The impact velocity will be just over 10 km/s and is expected to excavate a crater approximately 20 m deep and 100 m wide. The Impactor s/c will be delivered to the vicinity of Tempel 1 by the Flyby s/c, which is also the key observing platform for the event. Following Impactor release, the Flyby will change course to pass the nucleus at an altitude of 500 km and at the same time slow down in order to allow approximately 800 s of observation of the impact event, ejecta plume expansion, and crater formation. Deep Impact will use the autonomous optical navigation (AutoNav) software system to guide the Impactor s/c to intercept the nucleus of Tempel 1 at a location that is illuminated and viewable from the Flyby. The Flyby s/c uses identical software to determine its comet-relative trajectory and provide the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) with the relative position information necessary to point the High Resolution Imager (HRI) and Medium Resolution Imager (MRI) instruments at the impact site during the encounter. This paper describes the Impactor s/c autonomous targeting design and the Flyby s/c autonomous tracking design, including image processing and navigation (trajectory estimation and maneuver computation). We also discuss the analysis that led to the current design, the expected system performance as compared to the key mission requirements and the sensitivity to various s/c subsystems and Tempel 1 environmental factors.     

单层及双层板的超高速碰撞试验(速度超过10km/s)的数值模拟

文章介绍了在Sandia国家实验室所进行的3个精确控制的超高速碰撞试验,使用两种复杂的流体码即多维流体动力学代码CTH和平滑粒子流体动力学代码SPH,对该试验进行数值模拟。该试验用质量为克大小的飞片及球形射弹以大约10km/s的速度撞击薄铝板及钢板(厚度小于1cm)。并分析了碎片云动力学计算预示结果及这些试验中金属板的损坏。