L-band nighttime scintillations at the northern edge of the EIA along 95°E during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24

The characteristics of nighttime ionospheric scintillations measured at the L-band frequency of 1.575 GHz over Dibrugarh (27.5°N, 95°E, MLAT ～ 17°N, 43° dip) during the ascending half of the solar cycle 24 from 2010 to 2014 have been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. The measurement location is within or outside the zone of influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly depending on solar and geomagnetic activity. Maximum scintillation is observed in the equinoxes irrespective of solar activity with clear asymmetry between March and September. The occurrence frequency in the solstices shifts from minimum in the June solstice in low solar activity to a minimum in the December solstice in high solar activity years. A significant positive correlation of occurrence of scintillations in the June solstice with solar activity has been observed. However, earlier reports from the Indian zone (～75°E) indicate negative or no correlation of scintillation in June solstice with solar activity. Scintillations activity/occurrence in solstices indicates a clear positive correlation with Es recorded simultaneously by a collocated Ionosonde. In equinoxes, maximum scintillations occur in the pre-midnight hours while in solstices the occurrence frequency peaks just after sunset. The incidence of strong scintillations (S₄ ≥ 0.4) increases with increase in solar activity. Strong (S₄ ≥ 0.4) ionospheric scintillations accompanied by TEC depletions in the pre-midnight period is attributed to equatorial irregularities whereas the dusk period scintillations are related to the sporadic-E activity. Present results thus indicate that the current location at the northern edge of the EIA behaves as low as well as mid-latitude location.     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

非均质壁面对液滴俘获能力的数值模拟研究

为研究不同非均质壁面对液滴的俘获能力,采用界面追踪法（FTM）结合广义滑移边界建立了接触角模型,对液滴在非均匀润湿的非均质壁面上的运动过程进行了数值模拟研究。液滴在倾斜壁面上受到重力作用由均匀润湿部分下滑至非均匀润湿部分,通过改变Bo数、Oh数、非均匀润湿程度研究了液滴在非均匀润湿区域的运动规律。研究表明:Bo数越大,液滴运动受壁面阻力影响越小,液滴下滑的速度越快,液滴越难以被俘获;Oh数越大,液滴运动受壁面阻力影响越小,液滴越难以被俘获;非均匀润湿程度越大,非均质壁面对液滴的阻力越大,液滴越易被俘获。      

空间系绳碎片碰撞生存能力研究

空间系绳结构和几何尺寸对其在复杂空间环境中抵抗碎片碰撞的能力有显著影响.本文根据系绳-碎片碰撞模型和泊松分布,计算了双股系绳和带状系绳被碎片割断的概率,分析了太空碎片对系绳生存能力可能造成的影响.双股系绳是由两条平行系绳每隔一段距离打结连接构成,带状系绳可视为一种横截面为矩形的特殊单股系绳.首先对单股系绳被碎片割断的概率进行建模,然后构建双股系绳和带状系绳生存能力函数,最后根据空间碎片环境模型,对比分析具有不同结构、不同尺寸的系绳的生存能力.仿真结果表明,相较于单股系绳,双股系绳和带状系绳的生存能力有明显提高.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星任务轨道确定问题初探

"嫦娥4号"任务将采用着陆器、巡视器和绕飞地月拉格朗日L2点中继星进行月球背面的探测,中继星已先期发射,进入环绕地月L2点的晕(Halo)轨道。在中继星使命轨道动力学模型的基础上,通过相关仿真工作,开展了中继星在Halo轨道上的摄动源量级及影响定轨预报的主要因素分析,结果表明:太阳光压摄动是其主要影响因素。为降低其相关影响,提高定轨精度,在太阳光压球模型的基础上,结合中继星在轨运行特点及其星体结构特点,提出了一种求解光压等效面积的方法。经仿真分析,使用修正后的太阳光压球模型进行定轨求解,速度精度可提升约一个量级。     

深空测控网干涉测量系统在“鹊桥”任务中的应用分析

在"嫦娥4号"任务的第一阶段—"鹊桥"阶段,北京航天飞行控制中心利用佳木斯及喀什深空站对"鹊桥"进行了干涉测量观测,获取了实时与事后的高精度测角观测量,有效支持了任务的实施。两深空站需同时完成测控任务,无法交替射电源观测来进行系统差标校,基于此系统采用了长时间隔、在航天器观测前及双站结束后观测射电源的标校方法,在地月转移段、月球至L2转移段、Halo轨道形成段开展了多次干涉测量观测,所获得的时延、时延率结果直接应用于事后联合轨道确定,结果表明:深空网的时延观测精度约为3 ns。     

伺服机构负载模拟系统设计与动态特性分析

针对火箭发动机喷管伺服机构的负载模拟问题,采用机械的方式,设计了一种可对伺服机构的惯性负载、摩擦力矩负载、弹性力矩负载、安装刚度以及发动机喷管柔性特征进行模拟的负载模拟器,并建立了模拟器和伺服机构数学模型。仿真分析了惯性负载、弹性力矩以及喷管柔性对伺服机构负载多自由度特性的影响。通过对伺服机构扫频实验,负载模拟器中的负载在一定范围内调节,可复现伺服机构实际工作中的动态特性。说明该负载模拟器结构设计合理,从而为具有多自由度特性的火箭伺服机构的负载模拟系统设计提供参考。该系统已经得到实际应用。     

基于三维最小二乘方法的空间直线度误差评定

空间直线度误差是评定机械产品精度的一项重要指标,实际工程中对空间直线度误差评定算法的精度要求越来越高.为了准确评定空间直线度误差,参照国家标准(GB/T 11336—2004),采用三维最小二乘方法建立了空间直线拟合的数学模型,并给出了该数学模型的精确解.基于最小二乘拟合中线,采用空间投影、坐标变换和格点法求得最小二乘中线包容圆柱面直径.采用数值算例验证了新方法的有效性.提出的空间直线度误差评定方法精度高、鲁棒性好且易于编程实现.     

基于热敏电阻的气体温度测量误差分析

挤压气体内部温度的精确测量对确定贮箱内推进剂剩余量和提高氧化剂和燃烧剂的混合比控制精度有重要意义.提出了一种基于热敏电阻的矢量测温方法,通过测量气瓶壁面温度推算气体内部真实温度,分析温度电阻非线性特性、温度—电压处理电路、A/D采样非线性等因素导致的温度测量误差,最终获得系统自身的温度采集误差,在此基础上分析了影响此误差的主要因素.最后分析了外界干扰引起的测量噪声对温度测量的影响,并采用小波降噪的方法对此进行降噪处理,使温度测量精度得到较大改善,并最终确定了内部气体温度的测量误差.