新型三阶TVD限制器性能分析

在计算流体力学(CFD)方法中,限制技术是影响计算精度和计算稳定性的重要因素,目前应用较广的经典二阶总变差衰减(TVD)限制器虽能较好地满足计算要求,但性能差异大且分辨率和耗散的性能间并未得到良好权衡。对一种新型的三阶TVD插值限制器(T-3限制器)进行了研究并将其与3种经典限制器进行对比。首先通过一维黎曼问题,得出T-3限制器兼顾较高间断分辨率和良好稳定性的特点;接着通过高超声速双锥绕流和X-33外形飞行器的数值实验,得到T-3限制器具有刻画复杂流动的能力以及较优的气动热计算性能。     

航空头盔典型件冲击保护性能实验研究

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆研究了几种航空头盔典型件的冲击保护性能,测量了各构件的能量吸收率.讨论了冲击过程和能量吸收过程,进一步分析了头盔外壳材料力学性能及泡沫衬垫密度对头盔能量吸收率的影响规律.实验表明,在一定范围内外壳力学性能和泡沫衬垫密度对于能量吸收起着重要作用.为设计新一代航空头盔提供了可靠的实验依据.     

弹体穿越平面激波三维非定常流场的数值模拟

用数值方法求解三维非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程，计算了复杂弹体在相同马赫数、不同迎角下的流场和气动力特征，计算结果与实验结果吻合，证明本文采用的方法能够准确计算此类复杂流场；然后采用该方法模拟了弹体穿越正激波的非定常过程，得到了弹体周围流场及气动力特征随穿越过程的非定常变化，阻力特征穿越后急剧下降。     

Forward and reverse CIR shocks at 4–5 AU: Ulysses

In this article, we study fast shocks at CIR boundaries during an extended interval of 15 consecutive major high speed solar wind streams in 1992–1993. Ulysses was 4–5 AU from the sun. The Abraham-Schrauner shock normal method and the Rankine-Hugoniot relations were used to determine fast shock directions and speeds. Out of 33 potential CIR shocks, 14 were determined to be fast forward shocks (FSs) and 14 were fast reverse shocks (RSs). Of the remaining 5 events, 2 were forward waves and 3 were reverse waves. CIR edges at latitudes below ∼30^o were, for the most part, bounded by fast magnetosonic shocks. The forward shocks were generally quasi-perpendicular (average θ_nBo = 67^o). The reverse shocks were more oblique (average θ_nBo = 52^o), but they extended to all angles. Both FSs and RSs had magnetosonic Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 5 or 6. The average Mach numbers were 2.4 and 2.6 for FSs and RSs, respectively. The shock Mach numbers were noted to generally decrease with increasing latitude. The non-shock events or waves were noted to occur preferentially at high (∼−30° to −35°) heliolatitudes where stream-stream interactions were presumably weaker. These results are consistent with expectations, indicating the general accuracy of the Abraham-Schrauner technique.     

An empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary shocks

We extend the empirical coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival model of Gopalswamy et al. [Gopalswamy, N. et al. Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29207, 2001] to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary (IP) shocks. A set of 29 IP shocks and the associated magnetic clouds observed by the Wind spacecraft are used for this study. The primary input to this empirical shock arrival model is the initial speed of white-light CMEs obtained using coronagraphs. We use the gas dynamic piston–shock relationship to derive the ESA model which provides a simple means of obtaining the 1-AU speed and arrival times of interplanetary shocks using CME speeds.     

运用一维太阳风MHD CE/SE模型预报行星际激波到达时间

在一维太阳风磁流体(MHD)数值模拟中, 应用时空守恒元和解元(Conservation Element/Solution Element, CE/SE)方法, 建立了一个行星际激波扰动传播模型(1D-MHD (CE/SE)模型), 用来预报行星际激波到达时间. 收集了1997年2月至2002年8月间的137个激波事件, 对激波到达地球轨道附近的传播时间进行了预测, 并将预报结果与STOA, ISPM, HAFv.2以及SPM模型所得结果进行比较. 对于相同的样本事件, 1D-MHD (CE/SE)模型给出的渡越时间平均绝对值误差并不大于其他4个模型, 且该模型预报的相对误差小于10 %的事件占25.6 %, 小于30 %的事件占69.3 %, 小于50 %的事件占87.6 %, 其预报精度与其他模型相比基本相当. 这表明该模型在空间天气的激波到达时间预报方面有潜在的应用价值.      

蜂窝夹芯叠层板的低速冲击接触定律

借助于蜂窝夹芯叠层板（以下简称蜂窝板）的准静态横向压力实验,研究了蜂窝板的低速冲击接触规律,提出了半经验性的蜂窝板低速冲击接触定律,蜂窝板低速冲击接触过程分为四个阶段：即面反控制阶段;面板穿透阶段;蜂窝夹芯控制阶段;总体卸载阶段,并提出了相应各阶段的加载或卸载定律,应用此接触定律对蜂窝板的低速冲击过程进行动态有限元模拟分析,模拟计算结果与实验结果相比较具有良好的一致性。     

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.     

行星际激波传播至1AU的渡越时间预测

考虑了激波爆发源角宽度、能量、驱动时间、激波速度及其与背景太阳风之间的相互作用,利用流体力学扰动方程建立起一个激波扰动传播模型,用于研究激波从太阳传播到地球轨道附近(1 AU处)所需要的时间(渡越时间)问题.为印证扰动传播模型的适用性,利用1979-1989年间的27个激波事件,以及1997年2月到2000年1月间的68个激波事件,对激波到达地球轨道附近的渡越时间进行了预测,并将结果与STOA和ISPM预报模型结果进行了比较.实验表明,该模型在所有95个事件中,渡越时间相对误差小于10%的事件数占总事件数的25.26%;相对误差小于20%的占总事件数的50.53%;相对误差小于30%的占总事件的65.26%.      

复合材料层板低速冲击损伤有限元模拟

利用三维动态有限元模拟计算复合材料层板的低速冲击损伤的过程,采用了基体开裂判据和分层扩展判据,分类考虑不同的损伤形式,通过修正损伤铺层材料的常数来模拟层板损伤所造成的局部刚度下降对冲击过程的影响,讨论了接触定律在冲击损伤问题中的适用性,并结合实验结果给出适于严重冲击损伤层板的卸载定理,模拟计算结果得到的低速冲击后各界面的分层损伤面积与实验结果吻合较好。