螺旋桨飞机滑流非定常数值模拟研究

采用非定常数值模拟方法,基于滑移网格技术,分析研究螺旋桨滑流对全机气动特性的干扰影响。用多块结构网格数值模拟软件,从搭接边界建立、搭接网格生成、流场插值传递3个方面对螺旋桨滑移搭接网格的数值模拟方法进行全面详细的介绍,并且阐述基于该技术的非定常数值模拟方法。在此基础上,开展螺旋桨飞机模型验证计算,分析研究螺旋桨滑流对全机流场和气动性能的影响,通过与风洞实验数据的对比分析,验证滑移搭接网格技术的可行性与准确性。研究结果表明,基于滑移搭接网格技术的螺旋桨滑流数值模拟,可以真实反映螺旋桨滑流流场特性,为螺旋桨类飞机的设计评估提供一种有效的数值模拟手段,在工程方面具有重要的实用价值。     

涡扇发动机闭环控制系统设计仿真平台

航空发动机闭环控制系统的设计过程复杂且环节繁多,如果通过某平台综合多个设计过程,必然可以简化流程,提高效率.在总结国内外相关文献的基础上,针对民用涡扇发动机,在Matlab/Simulink下,利用模块化方法构建包含稳态控制器、过渡态控制器以及极限保护器的涡扇发动机闭环控制系统仿真平台,并对其进行仿真测试和硬件在回路实验.结果表明,所构建的仿真平台满足控制系统的性能和实时性要求,具有良好的工程适用性.     

基于边界层相似性解的放大因子输运模型

为了使二维线性稳定性理论能够适应现代CFD求解技术,通过求解Falkner-Skan边界层相似性方程获得各个形状因子下的相似速度型。基于线性稳定性理论,对各个速度型进行稳定性分析从而获得对应不同速度型的扰动放大因子包络线。最后使用标量输运方程的形式实现包络近似方法中放大因子的当地化求解,并结合原始γ-Re_θt转捩模型中的间歇因子输运方程,实现了自然转捩和分离泡转捩的建模。使用该输运模型对S&K平板、S809翼型、NLR7301翼型和DLR-F5机翼进行转捩预测,结果均与试验结果吻合较好,验证了该模型构建的合理性和可行性。     

针刺C/C复合材料拉伸强度及渐进失效数值预测

基于金相显微镜观测的针刺C/C复合材料细观结构,考虑材料内部纤维的真实分布,建立了针刺C/C复合材料单胞模型。采用Linde失效准则,考虑纤维渐进损伤对材料进行了刚度折减,通过引入周期性位移边界条件,对针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏进行了有限元法（FEM）数值模拟,分析了单胞模型的渐进失效过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。开展了针刺C/C复合材料拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌,数值预测结果与试验吻合良好。针刺C/C复合材料受拉伸载荷后发生准脆性断裂,拉伸应力-应变曲线呈双线性,0°无纬碳布发生纤维断裂和基体开裂破坏,90°无纬碳布出现横向基体劈裂,最终断裂发生在针刺纤维与面内无纬碳布交叉区域。     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites

Machining of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials is difficult to carry out due to its high specific stiffness, brittleness, anisotropic, non-homogeneous and low thermal conductivity, which can result in tear, burr, poor surface quality and rapid wear of cutters. Accurate and fast pre-diction of cutting forces is important for milling C/C composite materials with high quality. This paper presents an alternative cutting force model involving the influences of the directions of fiber. Based on the calculated and experimental results, the cutting forces’ coefficients of 2.5D C/C com-posites are evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Verification experiment has been car-ried out through a group of orthogonal tests. Results indicate that the proposed model is reliable and can be used to predict the cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites.     

Streamwise-body-force-model for rapid simulation combining internal and external flow fields

A streamwise-body-force-model (SBFM) is developed and applied in the overall flow simulation for the distributed propulsion system, combining internal and external flow fields. In view of axial stage effects, fan or compressor effects could be simplified as body forces along the streamline. These body forces which are functions of local parameters could be added as source terms in Navier-Stokes equations to replace solid boundary conditions of blades and hubs. The val-idation of SBFM with uniform inlet and distortion inlet of compressors shows that pressure perfor-mance characteristics agree well with experimental data. A three-dimensional simulation of the integration configuration, via a blended wing body aircraft with a distributed propulsion system using the SBFM, has been completed. Lift coefficient and drag coefficient agree well with wind tun-nel test results. Results show that to reach the goal of rapid integrated simulation combining inter-nal and external flow fields, the computational fluid dynamics method based on SBFM is reasonable.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

含激波的湍流流动高精度大涡数值模拟方法

针对采用亚格子模型进行含激波的湍流流动模拟时会面临激波附近的精度损失问题,考虑从通过亚格子模型以及数值模拟方法两方面的改进来实现湍流流动大涡模拟的精度提高.大涡模拟采用了Yee及Sj(o)green (2009)提出的高阶低耗散方法.该方法采用自适应的流场探测器以控制计算中所需区域的数值耗散,并考虑对动力学模型采用在激波位置使用Sagaut和Germano(2005)提出的单边亚格子过滤器和(或)直接禁用亚格子项等方法加以改进.对于标准的马赫数1.5和3条件下的激波-湍流干扰问题,上述新方法相较于全区域采用亚格子模型的方法均表现出了相似的精度提升.同时实现的数值精度改进方案采用了Harten的亚单元分辨过程来定位和锐化激波,并在精确激波位置附近的网格点处采用了单边测试滤波.     

C/SiC复合材料反射镜研究进展

反射镜在空间光学系统中起着非常关键的作用,目前已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料。C/SiC复合材料具有低密度、高模高强、结构设计灵活等优点,已成为非常重要的新型反射镜材料。本文对四代反射镜的特点进行了归纳和对比,对C/SiC复合材料反射镜的结构设计、几种常用的制备工艺进行了整理和总结,并对目前国内外的研究进展进行了综述。