Shocks: Commonalities in Solar-Terrestrial Chains

Shocks are found throughout the heliosphere, wherever supersonic (or super-magnetosonic) flows encounter obstacles or other, slowly moving, media. Although some of the physical parameters are in different regimes, all shocks heat and decelerate the media incident upon them. Most shocks must propagate in a collisionless plasma, thereby adding importance to the particle interactions with the electromagnetic fields, and enabling some particles to be accelerated to high energies. This paper explores the commonalities, and differences, in shocks throughout the heliosphere, and concentrates on the role of shock microstructure in effecting the shock transition and in governing the resulting energy partition amongst the constituent species. Shocks play a significant role in the solar-terrestrial chain.     

Laser Shock Peening of Aluminum Alloy 7050 for Fatigue Life Improvement

The effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on improving fatigue life of aluminum alloy 7050 are investigated.Surface hardness is increased corresponding to a high dislocation density induced by LSP.The X-ray diffraction stress measurement shows that LSP results in prominent increase of surface compressive stress,quasi-symmetrically distributed in the laser peened region.The fatigue life of the alloy 7050 in rivet fastener hole structure is notably improved owing to LSP.The sequence of LSP and fastener hole preparation also influence the fatigue cycle life of the alloy.     

Heliospheric asymmetries due to the action of the interstellar magnetic field

We discuss the asymmetry of the heliospheric discontinuities obtained from the analysis of 3D modeling of the solar wind (SW) interaction with local interstellar medium (LISM). The flow of charged particles is governed by the ideal MHD equations and the flow of neutral particles is described by the Boltzmann equation. The emphasis is made on the asymmetries of the termination shock (TS) and the heliopause under the combined action of the interstellar and interplanetary magnetic fields (ISMF and IMF) in the presence of neutral hydrogen atoms whose transport through the heliosphere is modeled kinetically, using a Monte Carlo approach. We show that the deflection of neutral hydrogen flow from its original direction in the unperturbed LISM is highly anisotropic and evaluate a possible angle between the hydrogen deflection plane measured in the SOHO SWAN experiment and the plane containing the ISMF and LISM velocity vectors for different ISMF strengths. It is shown that the ISMF of a strength greater than 4 μG can account for the 10 AU difference in the TS heliocentric difference observed during its crossing by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft, which however results in a larger discrepancy between the calculated and observed velocity distributions. The effect of a strong ISMF on the distribution of plasma quantities in the inner heliosheath and on 2–3 kHz radio emission is discussed.     

冲击载荷下受轴向约束的点阵材料夹芯简支梁

对受到均布冲击载荷的轴向不可移点阵材料夹芯简支梁进行了刚塑性动力响应理论分析和弹塑性有限元分析.首先给出了夹芯梁在外包和内接屈服条件下中点最大挠度的理论预测值,并与有限元结果进行了比较,有限元计算结果介于两种屈服条件给出的理论预测结果之间,有限元计算的支座处最大转角与外包屈服条件给出的理论预测结果接近.然后考察了点阵材料夹芯梁的抗冲击性能和吸能效果.结果表明:夹芯梁的最大挠度和塑性耗散能对杆元与面板夹角及相对密度十分敏感,设计合理的夹芯梁具有很好的吸能效果和抗冲击性能.     

激光冲击中应力状态和显微组织变化对金属疲劳性能影响

从应力状态与显微组织的变化两个方面分析了激光冲击强化改善金属疲劳性能的机理.首先研究了残余应力的作用,认为激光冲击强化产生的残余压应力降低了零部件承受的平均应力水平.然后利用位错理论分析了金属经激光冲击强化引起的显微组织变化,认为激光冲击强化在材料表层产生了大量位错、晶界以及亚晶界等缺陷,这些缺陷阻碍了位错的移动,使金属得到强化.     

准平行无碰撞激波的混合模拟

本文应用一维混合模拟方法数值研究了准平行无碰撞激波的结构.结果表明,激波上游的质子和准平行无碰撞激波相互作用后,有部分质子被激波反射,并向激波上游运动很长一段距离,从而激发起束流不稳定性,引起大振幅的共振右旋偏振的低频波动.这些波动在太阳风的带动下向激波下游运动,靠近激波后与激波合井,同时在激波的上游不断有新的波动产生.此过程能不断重复地进行.在平行无碰撞激波的情况下,在激波的下游还有大振幅的非共振右旋偏振的低频波动.激波上游的低频波动在向下游运动的过程中强度不断加强,最后超过原来激波的强度,形成新的激波.      

STUDY OF SWEPT SHOCK WAVE AND BOUNDARY LAYER INTERACTIONS

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母线对扩缩管传热强化影响的计算研究

采用二维轴对称不可压缩N-S方程,利用有限体积方法和SIMPLE算法,对不同母线型式的扩缩管对流换热特性进行了数值模拟.在给定入口速度、温度型线的条件下,分别研究了层流和湍流状态下均匀、线性、抛物线等三种典型入口型线对对流换热性能的影响.探索了不同母线型式对传热强化的影响,得到了对流换热随母线形状的变化规律.在给定的状态中得到了一个比较适当的母线外形,使得扩缩管的传热性能有所优化.     

激波冲击下Air/SF_6斜界面不稳定性实验研究

激波在不同密度介质上的交互作用在可压缩湍流上具有重要的基础价值。激波在界面上的作用会引起Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性。激波不正规折射时,流场存在更多复杂的涡。研究马赫数为1.23、1.41的激波在初始倾角β=60°的Air/SF6界面上非正规折射的情况。入射激波的切向冲击和法向冲击的相互作用,在界面处产生涡,折射波在壁面发生马赫反射。利用阴影显示技术,给出了界面演化和混合的过程。     

直升机灭火系统管路布局设计研究

本文通过对比分析几个型号直升机灭火系统的管路布局设计,对直升机灭火系统管路布局设计方法进行了研究,分析了影响灭火系统管路设计的重要因素。为直升机灭火系统管路设计提供参考。