In Memoriam: Herbert L. Pick,Jr. (1930–2012)

ABSTRACT

Fictive motion in language (as in “the ridge went north”) is claimed to reflect the attention focus of the observer on the extension and spatial layout of an entity. This paper investigates fictive motion in alpine narratives, which describe the experience of moving in a very specifically structured space. We examine space properties that are highlighted through fictive motion in this specific context and describe how they go beyond spatial extension. We further report the communicative motivation behind the use of fictive motion, ranging from conveying the sense of place to encoding the full spatial footprint of a motion event.     

The effect of geocenter motion on Jason-2 orbits and the mean sea level

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards ( Lemoine et al., 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC’s SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a – 4.67 ± 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 ± 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere.     

多种失效模式相关的机构运动可靠度计算方法

机构运动中必然存在多种相关失效模式,多为影响机构运动的各类随机变量函数.为了在机构运动可靠性分析中有效考虑多种相关失效模式的影响,建立了考虑多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型,并实现了对多种失效模式相关条件下的机构运动可靠度计算模型的求解,为考虑多种相关失效模式下的机构运动可靠性分析提供了一种有效途径.以6408滚动轴承为例,进行100 000抽样计算,考虑失效模式相关条件下运动可靠度为95.998 9%.该方法精度较高,具有一定的理论意义和应用价值.     

IDS contribution to ITRF2008

For the first time, the International DORIS Service (IDS) has produced a technique level combination based on the contributions of seven analysis centers (ACs), including the European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP), Geoscience Australia (GAU), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Institut Géographique National (IGN), the Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN, named as INA), and CNES/CLS (named as LCA). The ACs used five different software packages to process the DORIS data from 1992 to 2008, including NAPEOS (ESA), Bernese (GOP), GEODYN (GAU, GSC), GIPSY/OASIS (INA), and GINS (LCA). The data from seven DORIS satellites, TOPEX/Poseidon, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5, Envisat and Jason-1 were processed and all the analysis centers produced weekly SINEX files in either variance–covariance or normal equation format. The processing by the analysis centers used the latest GRACE-derived gravity models, forward modelling of atmospheric gravity, updates to the radiation pressure modelling to improve the DORIS geocenter solutions, denser parameterization of empirically determined drag coefficients to improve station and EOP solutions, especially near the solar maximum in 2001–2002, updated troposphere mapping functions, and an ITRF2005-derived station set for orbit determination, DPOD2005. The CATREF software was used to process the weekly AC solutions, and produce three iterations of an IDS global weekly combination. Between the development of the initial solution IDS-1, and the final solution, IDS-3, the ACs improved their analysis strategies and submitted updated solutions to eliminate troposphere-derived biases in the solution scale, to reduce drag-related degradations in station positioning, and to refine the estimation strategy to improve the combination geocenter solution. An analysis of the frequency content of the individual AC geocenter and scale solutions was used as the basis to define the scale and geocenter of the IDS-3 combination. The final IDS-3 combination has an internal position consistency (WRMS) that is 15 to 20 mm before 2002 and 8 to 10 mm after 2002, when 4 or 5 satellites contribute to the weekly solutions. The final IDS-3 combination includes solutions for 130 DORIS stations on 67 different sites of which 35 have occupations over 16 years (1993.0–2009.0). The EOPs from the IDS-3 combination were compared with the IERS 05 C04 time series and the RMS agreement was 0.24 mas and 0.35 mas for the X and Y components of polar motion. The comparison to ITRF2005 in station position shows an agreement of 6 to 8 mm RMS in horizontal and 10.3 mm in height. The RMS comparison to ITRF2005 in station velocity is at 1.8 mm/year on the East component, to 1.2 mm/year in North component and 1.6 mm/year in height.     

有磁场时电子在航天器光电子鞘层中的漂移运动

采用二级漂移近似理论，研究了在航天器光电子鞘层中与电流收集有关的电子在磁场中的运动轨道和收集电子有关的磁瓶结构，结果表明当磁场越强，航天器表面电势越弱，磁瓶在无穷远处横截面积就越小。在光电子鞘层中，势垒对电流收集影响较大，磁瓶的横截面积在略远于垫垒处有极大值，磁瓶在无穷远处的横截面积并非随着势垒距航天器距离的远近而单调变化。     

Periodic relative orbits of two spacecraft subject to differential gravity and electrostatic forcing

Coulomb forces between charged close-flying satellites can be used for formation control, and constant electric potentials enable static equilibria solutions. In this work, open-loop time-varying potential functions, which produce periodic, two-craft, Coulomb formation motions are demonstrated for the first time. This is done in the rotating Hill-Frame, with linearized gravity, and craft position components assumed in the form of simple harmonic oscillators. Substitution of the oscillatory functions into the dynamics, further constrains these functions, and yields necessary potential histories, to produce the periodic flow. The assumed position functions, however, are not arbitrary, since the dynamical model restricts what oscillatory trajectories are allowed. Specifically, a Hill-Frame integral of motion is derived, and this is used to show certain candidate periodic functions to be inadmissible. The system dynamics are then linearized to expose stability properties of the solutions, and it is established that asymptotic stability is impossible for all orbit families. Finally, the degree of instability in the assumed motions, over free parameter ranges, is determined numerically via the Floquet multipliers of the associated full-cycle state-transition matrices.     

Hybrid optimization for multiple-impulse reconfiguration trajectories of satellite formation flying

A hybrid optimization method is developed for fuel-optimal reconfigurations of a group of satellites flying in formation. The genetic algorithm performs a global search to find two-impulse trajectories, and primer vector analysis finds multiple-impulsive local optimal trajectories with the two-impulse trajectories as initial guesses. Hybrid optimization finds globally optimal trajectories for formation reconfigurations, including formation resizing, reassignment and reorientation maneuvers. Multiple-impulse trajectories reduce the fuel consumption from the two-impulse trajectories by up to 4.4% for those maneuvers. In real missions, satellites can follow two-impulse trajectories to gain the advantage of a smaller number of impulses, with the cost of slightly more propellant. The qualitative characteristics of the optimal trajectories are analyzed from the number of optimal trajectories found by hybrid optimization.     

具有轴向流的可压缩非定常旋涡流

本文研究埋定常轴对称自由旋涡流动结构的可压缩效应，探索旋涡的密度变化，粘性扩散和热传导的耦合作用机制。在回顾了前人某些典型结果之后，首次给邮了具有轴向拉伸率的可压缩非定常轴对称自由旋涡在高Ｒｅ数和小Ｍ数下的近似解析解。     

某型导弹翼轴花键齿首齿机加工精度研究

就如何保证新一代导弹重要零件翼轴花键齿首齿位置精度达到±１０’的机加工技术作了详细的阐述，着重就花键齿插齿过程中的工装定位、首齿位置精度的提高和测量方法进行了较为认真的研究。实践证明，该种插齿工艺方法能保证翼轴零件首齿位置精度的互换性，在具有类似的首齿位置精度要求的齿轮加工行业中有一定的先进性，并具有借鉴和推广价值。     

氢涡轮泵转子不稳定因素分析

通过实例说明，液氢低温下钢和铝材料收缩量不同所引起的转子松动可能是氢涡轮泵次同步进动的主要原因。