基于改进D-S证据理论的航空发动机转子故障决策融合诊断研究

针对单一传感器的测量信息难以准确、全面地反映航空发动机转子、轴承和齿轮的工作状况,进而造成振动故障诊断难度大的问题,提出安装多个振动传感器组成传感器网络,建立基于多传感器信息的发动机转子故障决策融合诊断系统。由于多传感器系统不可避免地会存在各传感器信息不一致、信息冲突的情形,因此针对该融合诊断系统的信号测量、信息预处理、特征提取、故障诊断及决策融合5个环节,重点研究了决策融合环节的Dempster-Shafer（D-S）证据决策融合方法存在的冲突证据融合失效问题。通过分析原因,从避免“一票否决”现象和证据加权平均两个方面进行改进,提出了改进D-S证据融合方法,并应用于航空发动机转子的模拟故障决策融合诊断中。结果表明基于D-S证据理论对3个传感器的单一诊断结果进行决策融合,能得到比任一单个传感器更准确、可靠的结果;而改进D-S证据融合方法由于能在一定程度上克服冲突证据融合带来的失效问题,且能同时兼顾处理好非冲突证据的融合,故其对于证据冲突和非冲突情形都取得了较好的融合效果,因此总的分类正确率要高于常规D-S算法和PCR5算法。     

智慧城市多模式数据融合模型

随着云计算和大数据等技术的发展及城市发展的迫切需求,智慧城市已成为近年来国内外研究的热点之一。随着城市中摄像头、监测传感器等采集设备数量的增加,城市数据种类也越来越多。所获取的城市数据具有多源、异构、时变、高维等多模式特性。如何让这些多模式的城市数据关联起来,实现它们的互通互联,挖掘出更丰富多样的信息,从而能更好地指导智慧城市的构建,是本领域的难点。本文提出了一个城市多模式数据融合模型,即多模式互联生长（MICROS）模型,并从3个层面对该模型进行了描述。首先,针对多模式数据的特点,重点描述了多模式数据多源、异构、时变、高维等特点。其次,针对多模式数据的特点,自底向上构建实现针对多模式数据的融合过程的3层基础模型,分别是服务信息描述模型、元数据模型和数据互联模型。最后,在这3层模型的基础上,本文提出了一个适用于智慧城市建设的多模式数据融合模型。      

基于DS证据理论的航天设备寿命预测方法

以动量轮为研究对象,提出一种基于D S证据理论和Bayes理论的信息融合及寿命预测方法。首先,挖掘多个寿命信息源的内、外部信息作为Bayes多源验前信息,并构建证据集合;其次,利用合成规则对证据集合进行合成,得到合理的验前融合权重的分配结果;然后,利用Bayes方法求解寿命参数的融合验后分布,并计算寿命参数的估计值;最后,根据参数估计值预测设备的剩余寿命。仿真结果表明,基于多源寿命信息融合的预测结果与单一来源的寿命预测结果相比,更加接近于设备的真实寿命信息。     

声表面波型传感器

声表面波型传感器已有十多年的开发历史。本文简明地阐述了它的基本原理,综述了国外的一些研究成果,供有关人员参考。     

A robust Poisson multi-Bernoulli filter for multi-target tracking based on arithmetic average fusion

The coalescence and missed detection are two key challenges in Multi-Target Tracking (MTT). To balance the tracking accuracy and real-time performance, the existing Random Finite Set (RFS) based filters are generally difficult to handle the above problems simultaneously, such as the Track-Oriented marginal Multi-Bernoulli/Poisson (TOMB/P) and Measurement-Oriented marginal Multi-Bernoulli/Poisson (MOMB/P) filters. Based on the Arithmetic Average (AA) fusion rule, this paper proposes a novel fusion framework for the Poisson Multi-Bernoulli (PMB) filter, which integrates both the advantages of the TOMB/P filter in dealing with missed detection and the advantages of the MOMB/P filter in dealing with coalescence. In order to fuse the different PMB distributions, the Bernoulli components in different Multi-Bernoulli (MB) distributions are associated with each other by Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) minimization. Moreover, an adaptive AA fusion rule is designed on the basis of the exponential fusion weights, which utilizes the TOMB/P and MOMB/P updates to solve these difficulties in MTT. Finally, by comparing with the TOMB/P and MOMB/P filters, the performance of the proposed filter in terms of accuracy and efficiency is demonstrated in three challenging scenarios.     

异构多无人机协同目标跟踪分散化最优控制

针对主被动传感器协同目标跟踪需要,考虑到可扩展性、异构性和动态可重构性等特点,建立了适于不同测量类型和不同测量维数的异构多传感器分散化信息融合算法.以极大化信息融合所得到的信息熵及无人机(UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)观测信息质量为效能函数,建立了异构多UAV协同目标跟踪的分散化最优控制代价函数以及通信、防撞和控制等约束模型.实现了多UAV协同目标跟踪的分散化模型预测控制,并分析了通讯噪声等因素对分散化信息融合和协同控制的影响.     

航空发动机叶片高精度自动测量系统

为了解决叶片完整型面自动测量存在的问题,提出了一种叶片高精度自动测量融合系统.系统结合双目三维扫描装置和电控转台,利用高精度校准平面旋转,通过平面拟合、虚拟转轴及角度计算,获取高精度四元数及中心位置坐标后完成自身定位.多次测量数据以中心坐标为中心,进行四元数运算,即可实现叶片实时测量融合.对融合后数据采用阈值迭代就近点(ICP)算法收敛处理消除机械转动误差.结果表明:系统装置综合精度为0.03~0.04mm,可自动、高效、稳定地实现发动机叶片的高精度测量.      

基于稀疏和冗余表示的图像融合方法

为了产生能提供更多信息的融合图像,提出了一种基于SRR(Sparse and Redundant Represent,稀疏和冗余表示)理论的图像融合方法。该方法首先采用训练所得的冗余字典对原始图像进行稀疏表示,然后对系数矩阵采用1-范数取大融合规则进行融合,最后对融合系数矩阵和冗余字典进行重建以得到融合图像。将该方法与拉普拉斯变换、PCA(Principal Component Analysis,主成分分析)、DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform,离散小波变换)、CVT(Cur Velet Transform,曲波变换)和NSCT(Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform,非下采样轮廓波变换)等方法在几组图像上进行比较,实验结果表明,该方法在一定程度上提高了融合图像的质量,在主观和客观上都具有较好的性能。     

Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

Adaptive data fusion framework for modeling of non-uniform aerodynamic data

Multi-fidelity Data Fusion(MDF) frameworks have emerged as a prominent approach to producing economical but accurate surrogate models for aerodynamic data modeling by integrating data with different fidelity levels. However, most existing MDF frameworks assume a uniform data structure between sampling data sources; thus, producing an accurate solution at the required level, for cases of non-uniform data structures is challenging. To address this challenge, an Adaptive Multi-fidelity Data Fusion(...