强度关联遥感成像技术

过去十多年中,利用光场的量子（或经典）涨落及其关联获取目标图像信息的量子（强度）关联成像技术和基于自适应稀疏结构表象的信号处理技术的不断发展,为图像信息的获取提供了一条可突破传统光学成像技术图像分辨率和图像获取效率理论极限的全新技术途径。文章将概括地介绍这一研究方向,并简要讨论其在遥感领域中的应用前景和需要进一步研究的...     

CBERS-02B卫星HR相机遥感影像区域网平差技术

针对CBERS-02B卫星HR相机遥感影像的几何定位精度不高,不能满足有些用户的要求,提出了基于有理多项式（Rational Polynomial Coefficient,RPC）模型的区域网平差技术,并利用多幅CBERS-02B卫星HR相机遥感影像进行了区域网平差试验,结果表明该方法能有效地提高遥感影像的几何定位精度...     

环境与灾害监测光学有效载荷发展综述

环境与灾害监测目标具有多样性、定量化要求高等特点,非常适合光学载荷发挥其信息量丰富、种类多、精度高等方面的优势。在国际上,此类光学载荷发展迅速,新技术不断涌现,值得学习借鉴。文章重点阐述了应用于环境与灾害监测民用卫星的光学有效载荷的发展现状和发展趋势,为中国第二代环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座的相关光学有效载荷发展提供参考。     

基于内窥火焰传感器技术的超声速燃烧感知实验研究

高动态频响传感器及作动机构是高性能控制系统FADEC的关键技术之一。开发了一种基于被动火焰自发光谱的内窥式光纤火焰传感器进行光学诊断,初步验证了光纤火焰传感器数据的燃烧过程感知价值。基于中国科学院力学研究所的直连式超声速燃烧实验台,模拟了来流总温1475 K、总压1.68 MPa、马赫数5.6的发动机工作状态。在不同当量比和动量通量比条件下,使用新开发的内窥式光纤火焰传感器,测量了以CH*表征的燃烧释热率和以C₂*/CH*表征的局部当量比。结果表明：内窥式光纤传感器可感知燃烧室释热率的时空演变特性;内窥式光纤传感器可感知频域燃烧振荡特性,实验表明燃烧过程可能存在展向的热声振荡现象;内窥式光纤传感器C₂*/CH*光信号可感知局部当量比的时空演变特性,结合CH*光信号可应用于混合场与燃烧场关联性的研究;局部火焰质心位置的统计特征表征了剪切层稳焰模式和射流尾迹稳焰模式。

     

用于遥感卫星数传的新型波导阵列组合天线

从新的设计理念出发,提出一种新型的波导十字阵列组合辐射天线替代了赋形反射面天线,用于低轨遥感卫星的数传系统。文中论述了该天线的设计思路、设计过程,并列出了天线的主要性能。最后还简述了该天线在国内卫星上的应用及我国未来低轨遥感卫星数传天线的发展趋势。该天线已在我国多个卫星上成功应用。这种波导阵列组合天线结构紧凑、尺寸小,具有与国外通用的赋形反射面天线基本类似的性能,可达到星载数传天线的预定要求,而且为星载遥感器及其他载荷留出了更大的对地安装空间。     

A modern robust approach to remotely estimate chlorophyll in coastal and inland zones

The chlorophyll concentration of a water body is an important proxy for representing the phytoplankton biomass. Its estimation from multi or hyper-spectral remote sensing data in natural waters is generally achieved by using (i) the waveband ratioing in two or more bands in the blue-green or (ii) by using a combination of the radiance peak position and magnitude in the red-near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The blue-green ratio algorithms have been extensively used with satellite ocean color data to investigate chlorophyll distributions in open ocean and clear waters and the application of red-NIR algorithms is often restricted to turbid productive water bodies. These issues present the greatest obstacles to our ability to formulate a modern robust method suitable for quantitative assessments of the chlorophyll concentration in a diverse range of water types. The present study is focused to investigate the normalized water-leaving radiance spectra in the visible and NIR region and propose a robust algorithm (Generalized ABI, GABI algorithm) for chlorophyll concentration retrieval based on Algal Bloom index (ABI) which separates phytoplankton signals from other constituents in the water column. The GABI algorithm is validated using independent in-situ data from various regional to global waters and its performance is further evaluated by comparison with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The results revealed that GABI yields significantly more accurate chlorophyll concentrations (with uncertainties less than 13.5%) and remains more stable in different waters types when compared with the blue-green waveband ratios and red-NIR algorithms. The performance of GABI is further demonstrated using HICO images from nearshore turbid productive waters and MERIS and MODIS-Aqua images from coastal and offshore waters of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and East China Sea.     

大气臭氧地基遥感反演的退卷积方法

本文提出了一种大气臭氧地基遥感信息处理的新方法,它利用非线性退卷积方法和等效仪器函数提高光谱分辨率,利用非线性最小二乘法进行大气臭氧反演计算,可以显着提高大气臭氧遥感的可探测高度和精度。     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统研究进展

大气数据的精确测量对飞行器的导航与控制至关重要。相较于传统的探针式大气数据测量系统,嵌入式大气数据传感系统更适用于隐身性能要求、大迎角飞行要求的飞行器或高超声速飞行器。回顾了嵌入式大气数据传感系统的发展历程,介绍了该系统完整的组成部分及其工作原理,并指出该系统在应用时的四项关键技术(测压孔布局、气动模型及求解算法、校正算法、故障检测及管理技术),结合国外多种飞行器上该系统不同的应用方案,分别对比分析四项关键技术不同应用方式的优缺点;指出了该系统的四项关键技术均会影响系统精度及可靠性,实际应用中需综合考虑选择其应用方式;最后展望了该系统在未来航空航天领域的应用。     

柔性机械臂辅助空间站舱段对接阻抗控制

空间机械臂辅助舱段对接过程中存在测量与控制误差,易导致对接机构间存在较大接触力,传统FMA (Force MomentAccommodation)控制方法在测量接触力时无法消除大负载惯性力对测量的影响,且测量仪器的引入会进一步降低空间柔性机械臂的刚度。为此,文章提出了柔性机械臂辅助大负载空间舱段对接的阻抗控制方法,采用拉格朗日法推导了空间机械臂的关节输入力矩方程作为前馈输入,建立了含动力学前馈的空间机械臂阻抗控制程序,并以在商业软件ADAMS中建立的空间柔性机械臂与对接舱段组成的系统动力学模型作为控制对象,对系统进行ADAMS灢Matlab联合仿真。仿真结果表明,按照此控制方法,系统可克服外力干扰使目标解析点按照期望的方式运动;同时,通过测量机械臂关节运动参数即可实现对外力的准确感知,而不需额外添加力传感器,既消除了大负载惯性力对测量的影响,也不会导致柔性机械臂刚度的降低。     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.