The Ice Survey Opportunity of ISO

The instruments on board the Infrared Space Observatory have for the first time allowed a complete low (PHOT, CVF) to medium resolution (SWS) spectroscopic harvest, from 2.5 to 45 μm, of interstellar dust. Amongst the detected solids present in starless molecular clouds surrounding recently born stellar and still embedded objects or products of the chemistry in some mass loss envelopes, the so-called “ice mantles” are of specific interest. They represent an interface between the very refractory carbonaceous and silicates materials that built the first grains with the rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. Molecules condense, react on ices, are subjected to UV and cosmic ray irradiation at low temperatures, participating efficiently to the evolution toward more complex molecules, being in constant interaction in an ice layer. They also play an important role in the radiative transfer of molecular clouds and strongly affect the gas phase chemistry. ISO results shed light on many other species than H₂O ice. The detection of these van der Waal's solids is mainly performed in absorption. Each ice feature observed by ISO spectrometer is an important species, with abundance in the 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁷ range with respect to H₂. Such high abundances represent a substantial reservoir of matter that, once released later on, replenishes the gas phase and feeds the ladder of molecular complexity. Medium resolution spectroscopy also offers the opportunity to look at individual line profiles of the ice features, and therefore to progressively reveal the interactions taking place in the mantles. This article will give a view on selected results to avoid to overlap with the numerous reviews the reader is invited to consult (e.g. van Dishoeck, in press; Gibb et al., 2004.). Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

耐碱棉纸中含铁量的测定方法

用Ｎ２ＯＣ２Ｈ２原子吸收法来测定某型导弹热电池耐碱棉纸中的铁含量。并对测定条件和干扰困素进行了综合考虑。该测定方法具有很好的灵敏度，很好的精确度、干扰少、选择性和重现性好等优点。相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ＜１．０％（ｎ＝１０）。标准加入回收率均在９８％～１０２％（ｎ＝３）范围内。完全适用于耐碱棉纸中的含铁量的控制和样品系统分析。在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

民用飞机机身段适坠性数值仿真分析

在飞机紧急迫降过程中,首先要保证碰撞后乘客在客舱区域有足够的逃生空间,其次基于结构强度和撞击持续时间,要确保传递给乘客的加速度和冲击载荷必须降低到人体损伤容限以下。对飞机机身部分结构进行了有限元建模,模拟了其从4.27 m的高度开始坠落,产生9.14 m/s的垂直冲击速度,整个分析过程使用ABAQUS/Explicit计算完成。对机身碰撞后的整体变形展开研究,如机身选定位置的加速度时间历程以及关键结构部件的能量吸收历程,最后确定机身隔框对冲击过程中的能量吸收起着最重要的作用,其次为蒙皮和客舱地板梁。在机身结构的右侧(本文的方向为飞行员视角,与读者看到的方向左右相反)有货舱门和门框,由于机身结构的不对称性,造成左右两侧的速度和加速度不一致。     

Black hole accretion and X-ray spectra of QSOS

Changes in Eddington accretion ratios are thought to result in X-ray spectral index changes in Galactic binary black hole systems. Objects with higher Eddington ratios have softer X-ray spectra. Can we apply this result to much more massive black hole systems such as QSOs? If so, X-ray observations will give us valuable insight into the physics of QSOs. Among QSOs, X-ray spectral index is part of a large set of correlated optical and UV observational properties, especially optical Fe II and [O III] strengths in the Hβ region. To investigate whether this set of correlations is related to Eddington ratio, we use as probes, BALQSOs that have been suggested to be youthful super-accretors. We conducted infrared spectroscopy of the Hβ rest wavelength region for a sample of BALQSOs and compared line measurements with those for high and low redshift non-BAL QSOs. Hβ line widths and bolometric luminosity are used to calculate QSO black hole masses and Eddington ratios. Our results support the hypothesis that optical Fe II and [O III] line strengths are Eddington ratio indicators in QSO central engines. A possible explanation is that strong Fe II and weak [O III] indicate abundant cold gas that could fuel near Eddington accretion.     

激光推进辐射击穿温度特性的数值研究

在9种等离子体击穿温度下,数值模拟了二次反射式聚焦系统聚焦情况下激光推力器内流场的演化过程,得到了不同击穿温度对应的能量沉积率、推力峰值、冲量和冲量耦合系数,能量沉积率和推进性能参数在某个等离子体击穿温度值处发生突变。根据空气对激光的逆韧致吸收系数公式,计算了CO2激光辐照下不同等离子体击穿温度对应的空气辐射自由程,发现当等离子体击穿温度为14000K时,辐射自由程为1.4mm,与计算网格的典型尺寸相当,此时入射激光能量在一个网格内以一定效率被吸收,由此确定了基于逆韧致吸收的激光等离子体的击穿温度。     

Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption of MOF/SiBCN nanomaterials at high temperature

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials at high-temperature are urgently needed for stealth aircrafts or aero-engines worked in harsh environments. In this contribution, cobalt-containing siliconboron carbonitride (MOF/SiBCN) nanomaterials were prepared by pyrolyzing metal–organic framework, i.e. cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67), and hyperbranched polyborosilazane. The rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-67 and cobalt element promoted in situ formation of dielectric loss phases, including SiC nanocrystals, CoSi nanocrystals and turbostratic carbons. The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanomaterials showed excellent microwave absorption both at room and elevated temperature. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) was −51.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.93 GHz at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 600 °C, the RC_min reached −30.29 dB and EAB covered almost the whole X-band (3.95 GHz, 8.45–12.4 GHz). The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanocomposites are promising and useful platform for microwave absorbing materials at high-temperature. It may shed light on the downstream applications in designing next generation areo-engines and stealth aircrafts.     

半导体激光陀螺关键技术的分析

现有激光陀螺产品的成本较高,而且难以小型化,原因如下：（1）光源采用氦氖激光器,体积较大,而且不利于长期存放,（2）必须采用高反射率的镜面（或全反射的棱镜）减小闭锁阈值,（3）剩余的闭锁阈值较大,必须增加偏频装置消除闭锁现象。在本文中,将探讨在激光陀螺中采用半导体光源和集成光电子器件的可行性,内容包括：（1）国外对半导体激光陀螺的实验研究,（2）半导体激光陀螺关键技术的分析,（3）半导体激光陀螺实验的设计。     

羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量的连续测试技术

建立了一种用AIR-C2H2火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测试镉镍电池羰基镍粉中铜、锰、钴含量,介绍了铜、锰、钴最佳测试条件,同时对样品硝化处理条件及在测试样品中的干扰因素进行了综合考虑。该方法具有很好的精密度和准确度,具有操作简便、时间快速、灵敏度高、重现性好、容易掌握等特点。铜、锰、钴含量的相对标准偏差均小于1.0%（n=6）。标准加入回收率均在97.0%-99.0%范围内。适用于镉镍电池羰基镍粉中含有较多共同被测离子铜、锰、钴的生产现场控制分析和样品系统分析。     

差分吸收激光雷达的信号处理技术

针对差分吸收激光雷达系统 ,研究信号平均和卡尔曼滤波两种信号处理技术 ,并进行了数值仿真。通过仿真可以看出 ,采用信号平均和卡尔曼滤波技术都可以很好地估计出待测气体的浓度 -光程积 ,大大地提高测量精度 ,同时也将两者的性能进行了比较     

水溶性近红外荧光发射的PbS量子点的合成与表征

利用N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）作为稳定剂,合成了荧光性质良好的水溶性近红外发射的PbS量子点。系统考察了水相合成PbS量子点的主要影响因素,并通过TEM和XRD分别对其形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,通过改变前体物质Pb／S,PIJ／NAC的摩尔比以及溶液的初始pH值,合成的PbS量子点显示强的近红外荧光,荧光发射峰在895nm到970urn间可调,表现出明显的量子尺寸效应。通过小鼠近红外成像实验初步证实本实验中合成的PbS量子点在生物医学成像,尤其在体内无损在位成像中具有良好的应用前景。