Method of the HF wave absorption evaluation based on GIRO network data

High frequency (HF) communication is strongly dependent on the state of the ionosphere, which specifies the mode structure of the radio wave propagating in ionosphere. Another core factor defining the strength of the HF signal at the receiving site is the ionospheric absorption. Accurate modelling the effect of absorption is an essential part of many studies of the HF propagation in the ionosphere.This paper proposes a method for estimating the absorption. The method is based on analysis of vertical sounding ionograms. The main idea of the approach is to compare the main parameters retrieved from measured and simulated ionograms. The combination of Global Ionospheric Radio Observatory (GIRO, http://giro.uml.edu) data and ionograms modelling allows for developing the empiric absorption model available at near real-time. The ionogram simulation taking into account absorption utilizes the NIM-RT (North Ionospheric Model and Ray Tracing) software. As a result, the proposed technique provides more reliable and accurate evaluation of minimum frequency at which echoes are observed in vertical incidence ionosonde soundings. The values of these frequencies should be used in the following simulation to optimize parameters in the empirical formulae for defining absorption HF wave in ionosphere.The ultimate objective of this work is the designing the method, which allows the simulating of HF radio channel accounting for regular absorption due to UV radiation of the Sun. Eventually it could be considered as some kind of the HF propagation forecasting.     

Study the behavior of the ionospheric frequencies at Karachi during three consecutive solar minima of cycle 21, 22 & 23 and their comparison with IRI-2016

The behavior of critical frequencies of ionospheric E and F2 layers (foE & foF2) along with minimum ionospheric frequency (fmin) is studied for solar minima of cycle 21 (1986), 22 (1996) and 23 (2008) over Karachi (24.95$°$N, 67.13$°$E), Pakistan. The station is located at the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly region. Beside seasonal differences, pronounced change in the values of frequencies is noted from one solar minimum to another solar minimum. A strong and direct correlation of foF2 with Smoothed Sunspot Number (SSN) and F10.7?cm solar flux is observed. In the minimum of cycle 23, reduction in foF2 is noted due to reduction of solar EUV as compared to other minima. Also disappearance of semi-annual variations in foF2 is noted in cycle 23 minimum. Unexpectedly higher values of foE and fmin are observed in minimum of cycle 23 as compared to other minima. It is difficult to explain this unusual behavior of fmin and foE along with disappearance of semi-annual variation in foF2. It is possible that during very low solar activity, thermospheric conditions are changed which in turn altered the ionosphere. Further investigation of atmosphere-ionosphere coupling is required to understand this complex behavior. On comparison of observed values with IRI-2016, higher deviations are observed in foE before noon hours while in case of foF2, large deviations are noted during daytime. The absence of foF2 semi-annual variation in cycle 23 is not reproduced by IRI-2016. It is suggested that IRI-2016 need some modification for extremely low solar activity condition.     

基于二级声辐射模型的地面声场高效预测方法

建立了可用于直升机运动状态下噪声传播特性分析的高效地面声场预测方法。该方法包括计算旋翼气动、噪声的自由尾迹方法和时域FW-H方程;计入大气、地面等环境因素的声传播模型及地面声场计算模型;为提高计算效率,在声源计算与噪声传播之间引入基于“紧致球声源”的二级声辐射模型;在此基础上,还提出了通过建立“特征参数声辐射球库”以实现直升机运动状态下噪声实时预测的方法。以AH-1旋翼为算例,通过与地面声场直接计算法对比,说明了方法的有效性及高效性;此外,文中还分析了大气、地面等环境因素对噪声传播以及地面声场特性的影响。      

薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层的辐射物性分析

认识热控涂层的热辐射物性对航天器热控制设计具有重要指导作用。文章根据薄膜二次表面镜涂层的吸收与反射过程分析,建立模型方程,结合已有的太阳吸收比、红外发射率等表观数据,采用非线性参数最小二乘法获得了薄膜材料的吸收系数和反射率等辐射物性,并分析了厚度对热控涂层太阳吸收比和红外发射率的影响。研究结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.571,吸收系数为19.343 mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.227,吸收系数为39.615mm-1;F46薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.744,吸收系数为0.757mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.111,吸收系数为9.240mm-1。     

发散冷却系统冷却能力的数值分析

以给定冷却工质质量流速下系统所能承受的最大热流表征冷却能力,对影响发散冷却系统冷却能力的主要因素进行了数值研究。理论分析和数值计算结果表明:发散冷却的冷却能力受冷却工质的吸热能力和冷却工质与固体骨架之间的换热能力共同制约。在小冷却工质质量流速下,发散冷却系统的冷却能力主要取决于冷却工质吸热能力,而随着冷却工质质量流速的增加,流固换热能力则逐渐成为决定冷却能力的主要因素,进而导致固体热导率和冷却工质比热容对发散冷却系统冷却能力的影响在不同冷却工质质量流速下存在显著差异。      

量子阱激光器的Pspice电路温度模型

在考虑量子阱激光器的温度特性基础上,对激光器的速率方程进行了适用性修正,增加了与温度相关的势垒区的辐射复合电流I_br、非辐射复合电流I_bnr和有源区的非辐射复合电流I_wnr、俄歇复合电流Ia等项,并根据修正后的速率方程得出了量子阱激光器的大信号等效 Pspice电路温度模型和直流稳态工作时的等效Pspice电路温度模型,然后采用GaAS/AlGaAS 量子阱激光器,根据量子阱激光器直流稳态工作时的等效Pspice电路温度模型对量子阱激光器的输出光功率、驱动电流和结点温度之间特性进行了模拟,得出它们之间的关系曲线.     

多段组合穿孔板声衬降低对旋风机噪声的实验研究

通过对一台自行设计的高效高噪声对旋轴流通风机进行降噪实验研究表明:多段组合穿孔板声衬可大幅度降低对旋风机的离散噪声。使用有效长度为600mm的多段组合穿孔板声衬降噪,风机的总声压级降低了9dB.      

复合材料波纹梁吸能能力的数值模拟

运用MSC/DYTRAN有限元软件,对3组不同尺寸的碳纤维—环氧树脂圆弧形波纹梁的破坏过程、峰值载荷和能量吸收能力进行了数值模拟研究。由于MSC/DYTRAN有限元软件不能直接用于复合材料的吸能分析,分析时采用了等效的方法。比较波纹梁的计算结果与准静态轴向压溃试验的结果可见,两者较为一致。在此基础上分析了波纹梁的耐撞性,得到波纹梁在碰撞过程中的吸能数据,进一步研究了不同薄弱环节设置对波纹梁峰值载荷的影响。说明采用了等效的方法并运用该有限元软件来模拟复合材料结构的吸能能力是可行的。     

路径积分差分吸收激光雷达反演模型设计与测试

激光雷达作为主动探测手段,能够较好地弥补被动卫星(如OCO-2/3、GOSAT-1/2和Tan Sat等)的不足,实现高精度、全天候和全天时的观测。中国在2022年4月16日成功发射世界首颗基于主动理论探测二氧化碳柱浓度(XCO2)的激光雷达卫星。本文基于前期在秦皇岛的缩比飞行试验数据,围绕优化积分权重函数和优化差分吸收光学厚度两大核心要素,提出了基于光谱能量模型的算法框架。该框架旨在提高基于主动理论的星载激光雷达探测XCO2反演的精度。评估获得光谱能量模型在海上、陆地上的测距精度分别为0.74和6.20 m。论文的工作在10 s滑动平均值下,海洋、城市和山区的平均XCO2值分别为411.07、425.71、417.87 ppm,标准差分别为1.93、0.85、0.96 ppm。综上所述,光谱能量模型对我国发展基于差分吸收激光雷达的二氧化碳浓度算法具有重要的参考意义。     

Magnetic and Optical Properties of the TiO2-Co-TiO2 Composite Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

The TiO2-Co-TiO2 sandwich films were successfully grown on glass and silicon substrata making alternate use of radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and direct current magnetron sputtering. The structures and properties of these films were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS). It is shown that the sandwich film consists of two anatase TiO2 films with an embedded Co nano-film. The fact that, when the Co nano-film thickens, varied red shifts appear in optical absorption spectra may well be explained by the quantum confinement and tunnel effects. As for magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization, remnant magnetic induction and coercivity vary with the thickness of the Co nano-films. Moreover, the Co nano-film has a critical thickness of about 8.6 nm, which makes the coercivity of the composite film reach the maximum of about 1413 Oe.