技术转移的模型探析

技术转移是高技术产业化的关键阶段，Ｒａｚ将Ｓ型逻辑曲线来解释技术的受方状态，刘文阁对模拟提出了修正。但上述研究局限于技术系统本身。本文试图将技术转移放在技术－经济系统中来研究，考究技术进步率的影响，探析新的模型。     

Numerical simulation of hypersonic thermochemical nonequilibrium flows using nonlinear coupled constitutive relations

To predict aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles accurately in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows accompanied by rarefaction effect, a Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Relations (NCCR) model coupled with Gupta’s chemical models and Park’s two-temperature model is firstly proposed in this paper. Three typical cases are intensively investigated for further validation, including hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional cylinder, a RAM-C II flight vehicle and a type HTV-2 flight vehicle. The results predicted by NCCR solution, such as heat flux coefficient and electron number densities, are in better agreement with those of direct simulation Monte Carlo or flight data than Navier-Stokes equations, especially in the extremely nonequilibrium regions, which indicates the potential of the newly-developed solution to capture both thermochemical and rarefied nonequilibrium effects. The comparisons between the present solver and NCCR model without a two-temperature model are also conducted to demonstrate the significance of vibrational energy source term in the accurate simulation of high-Mach flows.     

Aerodynamic performance of hovering micro revolving wings in ground and ceiling effects at low Reynolds number

Numerous investigations have been conducted to understand the wall effects on rotors. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the aerodynamic performance of revolving wings, especially when it is very close to the ground and ceiling (i.e., less than half the wingspan) at low Reynolds numbers. Hence, the ground and ceiling effect for hovering micro revolving wings at low Reynolds numbers are investigated by improving the theoretical models. The theoretical model for the ground effect is established based on the wall-jet assumption, and that for the ceiling effect is improved by considering the uneven spanwise distribution of induced velocity. These two models are validated by comparing the results of experiments and CFD simulations with the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). Both ground and ceiling effects are found helpful to enhance the thrust, especially with small wing-wall distances, by making a difference to the induced velocity and the pressure distribution. By comparing the thrust generation and aerodynamic efficiency between the ground and ceiling effects, the former is found more helpful to the thrust augmentation, and the latter is more beneficial for the aerodynamic efficiency promotion.     

飞机地面效应及其试飞方法

扼要地综述地面效应的机理，理论研究和风洞试验技术，并分析其存在的主要问题，然后，着重评述现有两种典型地面效应试飞方法的优缺点及其实施中的技术问题。第一种方法的特点是需在试飞中实测发动机推力，其余参数由机载仪器测量，第二种方法的特点是用外部测量设备测出升力和阻力增量，但不必实测发动机推力，最后，就该课题研究提出几点看法。     

浅析英语谚语中修辞格的运用

通过对英语谚语的韵律、结构和修辞方式进行剖析，归纳出英语谚语中常用的12种修辞格，并分别对每一种修辞格的用法、特点及其所产生的修辞效果进行了较为详细的分析。     

Mini-500小型直升机动力系统的特点

本文介绍了Mint-500小型直升机的动力及其相关系统的特点。简要分析了应用排气惯性效应可以增加发动机的功率。说明了Rotax 582UL双缸二冲程发动机用于小型直升机是合理和安全的动力。     

直流电场对Al-4．5％Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

对在不同电流密度的直流电场作用下Al-4.5%Cu合金定向凝固组织的变化进行了研究.结果表明,电流有促进Al-4.5%Cu合金定向凝固柱状枝晶生长的倾向.随着电流密度的增大,定向凝固的枝晶组织中二次枝晶明显细化,θ(CuAl2)相含量进一步增加.结合电流对凝固过程中固-液界面温度梯度和溶质再分配的影响,对实验结果进行了分析.     

大气湿度对发动机换算转速的影响

实践表明，大气湿度的变化对发动机性能及其工作特性有一定影响，这种影响在高湿度高海拔地区地面试车时更明显。大气湿度对发动机换算转速影响的物理本质是随着湿度的变化使进入发动机的空气热物理性质也发生了变化，在分析这种影响的基础，利用相似原理推导出换算转速的大气湿度修正系数，并对某系列发动机经湿度修正与不经湿度修正的换算转速做了比较。     

固定影响的平行数据模型的参数估计

以往研究经济问题时，人们大多采用单纯的时间序列数据或横截面数据作为样本观测值，而两者在实际应用中都存在一定的局限性。平行数据是时间序列数据和横截面数据的“综合信息”，因此可以用来解决许多单纯的时间序列数据或横截面数据无法解决的问题，特别是可以用来处理动态的经济问题。通过对一些应用范围比较广的固定影响的平行数据模型给出了参数估计的证明过程。该证明过程对进一步研究平行数据模型的种类及其模型参数的估计具有一定的参考价值。