X-Rays From Mars

X-rays from Mars were first detected in July 2001 with the satellite Chandra. The main source of this radiation was fluorescent scattering of solar X-rays in its upper atmosphere. In addition, the presence of an extended X-ray halo was indicated, probably resulting from charge exchange interactions between highly charged heavy ions in the solar wind and neutrals in the Martian exosphere. The statistical significance of the X-ray halo, however, was very low. In November 2003, Mars was observed again in X-rays, this time with the satellite XMM-Newton. This observation, characterized by a considerably higher sensitivity, confirmed the presence of the X-ray halo and proved that charge exchange is indeed the origin of the emission. This was the first definite detection of charge exchange induced X-ray emission from the exosphere of another planet. Previously, this kind of emission had been detected from comets (which are largely exospheres) and from the terrestrial exosphere. Because charge exchange interactions between atmospheric constituents and solar wind ions are considered as an important nonthermal escape mechanism, probably responsible for a significant loss of the Martian atmosphere, X-ray observations may lead to a better understanding of the present state of the Martian atmosphere and its evolution. X-ray images of the Martian exosphere in specific emission lines exhibited a highly anisotropic morphology, varying with individual ions and ionization states. With its capability to trace the X-ray emission out to at least 8 Mars radii, XMM-Newton can explore exospheric regions far beyond those that have been observationally explored to date. Thus, X-ray observations provide a novel method for studying processes in the Martian exosphere on a global scale.     

Integrated optimization analyses of aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of helicopter rotor based on surrogate model

Based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,electromagnetic high-frequency method and surrogate model optimization techniques,an integration design method about aerodynamic/stealth has been established for helicopter rotor.The developed integration design method is composed of three modules:integrated grids generation(the moving-embedded grids for CFD solver and the blade grids for radar cross section(RCS)solver are generated by solving Poisson equations and folding approach),aerodynamic/stealth solver(the aerodynamic characteristics are simulated by CFD method based upon Navier–Stokes equations and Spalart–Allmaras(S–A)turbulence model),and the stealth characteristics are calculated by using a panel edge method combining the method of physical optics(PO),equivalent currents(MEC)and quasi-stationary(MQS),and integrated optimization analysis(based upon the surrogate model optimization technique with full factorial design(FFD)and radial basis function(RBF)),an integrated optimization analyses on aerodynamic/stealth characteristics of rotor are conducted.Firstly,the scattering characteristics of the rotor with different blade-tip swept and twist angles have been carried out,then time–frequency domain grayscale with strong scattering regions of rotor have been given.Meanwhile,the effects of swept-tip and twist angles on the aerodynamic characteristic of rotor have been performed.Furthermore,by choosing suitable object function and constraint condition,the compromised design about swept and twist combinations of rotor with high aerodynamic performances and low scattering characteristics has been given at last.     

一种城市公交车调度的优化方案模型

本文通过对公交线路的客流调查和运营资料数据的修正和深入分析，概括出公交调度中广泛在的3个规律，据此建立多目标优化的数学模型。并得出操作性很强的公并车调度方案。     

横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔流场特性及相关改进方案的实验比较研究

本文通过对模型实验手段，比较研究了横风下空冷塔单塔与双塔的空气流场特征，较为系统地揭示了横风对空冷塔及空气动力场的主要影响原因，在基础上，比较研究了多种乘法有效的改善单双塔流场的措施，并提出了相应的工程实施建议。     

井下高速数据总线系统的设计

随着油气田开发的日益复杂,对勘探的要求越来越高,测井技术要求仪器提供的信息更全面、更准确,客观上要求我们必须提供大信息量、高精度、高时效和高可靠的新一代测井设备,即开发出成像测井系统.在各种成像系统中一个共同的关键技术就是高速电缆遥传系统.研制高速电缆遥传系统目的就是完成地面仪和井下仪器之间的高速、大数据量的数据传送.高速电缆遥传系统与井下仪器的通讯是通过高速电缆遥传系统中的井下仪器总线控制器(简称BCU)与遥传接口(简称RTU)之间的通讯来完成的.     

Planar laser scattering visualization of streamwise vortex pairs in a Mach 6 flow

A series of cross-sectional flow fields of Counterrotating Vortex Pairs(CVPs) generated by a large-scale ramp vortex generator is observed using an ice-cluster-based Planar Laser Scattering(PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal flow Mach number of 6. Combined with a numerical simulation, two streamwise CVPs with opposite rotating directions are identified in the wake flow of the vortex generator with an absence of a boundary layer, namely, a Primary CVP(PCVP) and a Secondary CVP(SCVP). Th...     

交叉式多股流板翅式换热器数值研究

借鉴顺逆式板翅式换热器研究成果,分析了交叉式多股流板翅式换热器传热机理,建立了基于有限容积法的多股流板翅式换热器传热数学模型,经过合理假设将翅片间距与单元格尺寸独立,拓展了前人数学模型适用范围.同时,以机载交叉式3股流板翅式换热器为例,对单元格尺寸选取进行了探讨,对同一通道单元格内流体流动横向传热进行了分析,证明了忽略流动横向传热的可行性,从而在保证精度不变条件下提高了计算效率;并在流体变入口参数条件下进行试验,对数值计算方法进行验证,通过与试验数据对比,理论计算误差小于7.9%,证明了数值计算方法的合理性.      

C-C扩张段材料性能设计

在相同的喷管结构中,通过正交试验和喷管结构有限元热应力分析,获得径向弹性模量、母线方向(环向)弹性模量、径向热导率、母线方向(环向)热导率、径向热膨胀系数、母线方向(环向)热膨胀系数、密度和比定压热容等八因素三水平情况下的母线方向拉应力极值、环向压应力极值和层间剪切应力极值。通过极差分析,初步获得优化的材料参数设计方案,然后对试验结果进行方差分析,得出母线方向弹性模量、径向热导率和母线方向热膨胀系数这3个因素是非常显著的;结合喷管扩张段C/C复合材料的应用环境和工艺条件,得出最终的材料优化设计方案,并进行有限元热应力分析,发现应力极值都远小于现有针刺C/C复合材料的许用应力。     

用改进的辅助变量法识别非定常气动力系数

辅助变量法是一种域识别线性系统动态参数的常用方法，在噪声强度较大时，常得不到稳定的收敛解，本文通过在其迭代过程中引入加权函数，构成了该方法的一种改进方法，为检验改进方法的有效性，对仿真的振动系统和风洞实验获取的振动向应进行了气动力系数的同步识别。结果表明：甚至在噪声强度高达１５％情况下，改进后的方法仍能得到较好的收敛解。