基于相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位技术

在网络中心战条件下,针对无GPS(Global Positioning System)时如何提高机群的导航定位精度问题,构建了以机载数据链和惯导系统为核心的协同定位系统,设计了协同定位系统的测距方案,分析了协同定位过程中的时间同步问题,提出了一种基于机间相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位方法.该方法利用几何图形平移旋转来估计机群各飞机的惯导系统定位误差.仿真表明:该方法可以用于长时间估计惯导位置误差,有效延缓惯导位置误差的发散速度,当5架飞机协同定位时,机群惯导位置精度将提高2倍左右.     

新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.     

基于多种并发机制的卫星电子设备地面测试软件设计方法

在卫星电子设备测试系统中,地面测试软件不仅要访问测试系统硬件,而且需要与用户直接交互,并完成测试数据的存储和管理,并发处理能力是测试系统可靠和正确的关键,传统软件设计采用的串行策略无法适应卫星地面测试软件中的并发处理需求.为解决上述问题,提出多线程、消息机制、共享缓冲区、P-V操作4种并发机制相结合进行程序设计的方法.实际应用表明采用这种基于多种并发机制的程序设计方法能可靠实现卫星地面测试软件,有效解决了软件开发中的并行性问题.     

LEO卫星电源系统拓扑研究

基于30个近地轨道（LEO）卫星任务及其电源系统应用情况,在系统层面上对5种电源系统拓扑进行了分析比较,包括配置方式、控制原理、效率及器件等。针对功率调节性能和器件组成规模,选择配有最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的升一降压调节器（B2R）作为多适用的电源系统拓扑。此系统适应LEO卫星需求,属于拓扑用途广泛的电源系统,可通过合理配置热备份的功率调节模块来实现功率组合及可靠性设计,具有较高的兼容性,能够满足中国LEO卫星任务需求。     

卫星集群概念研究

卫星星座的核心特征是扩展覆盖,卫星编队飞行的核心特征是扩展基线,这些相关概念都已找到其突出优势的应用。模块化分离卫星的重点落在了卫星上,容易引起＂为什么用一群卫星取代一颗卫星＂的质疑,对认识集群技术、寻找其有突出优势的应用有误导作用。文章提出了卫星集群的概念,指出集群的组成是个性化的卫星而不是卫星分系统这一事实,重点应落在集群上;提出了卫星集群的核心特征是卫星之间的集群关系,包括信息、物质和能量等的自组织交换;提出了集群关系、个性化特征和进化能力是卫星集群的三个社会化基本特征;指出区分一颗卫星是否属于卫星集群的标准是看该卫星是否具有社会化特征;比对人类社会个体间相互联系,预测和分析了卫星集群的社会层次关系;指出卫星集群族级应用是突破口,为寻找卫星集群相对于单颗卫星具有突出优势的典型应用指出了思路和方向。     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

采用程序集技术的卫星数据解析软件设计

卫星实时定位和事后数据精度分析中,不同厂家的卫星接收机经常一起使用,同一种类数据帧格式彼此不同,甚至同一厂家、不同型号的卫星接收机数据格式也经常变化,这给数据解析带来很大不便。本文在卫星接收机数据解析软件中采用面向对象的设计方法,利用UML（统一建模语言）进行建模,针对数据格式经常变化的情况采用数据库预定义技术,最后通过.Net程序集技术实现了不改变软件代码即可适应新的卫星接收机数据格式的目标。实际应用证明,该软件具有结构直观、处理数据种类多、可扩展性强等特点,在卫星数据解析的通用性方面做了有益的尝试。     

Image Quality assessment for Chang＇E-1 IIM 2C Data

嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪（IIM）获取的多波段图像数据对于月表矿物成分反演具有重要意义.从目视质量、客观参数、几何配准精度、图像质量随时间的变化情况等方面对IIM 2C级的多波段图像数据质量进行了评价.结果显示,其两端波段范围的图像质量较差,不能有效识别月表单元,中间波段图像质量较好;自然色图像显示IIM数据存在明显的横向色调不均一性.利用图像的客观评价指标（辐射精度、清晰度、信息量）将干涉成像光谱仪图像数据与美国Clementine UV-VIS多光谱图像数据进行对比分析,结果表明,IIM数据清晰度好于ClementineUV-VIS,而在方差和信息量上弱于Clementine UV-VIS.将IIM图像数据与Clementine多光谱数据统一到相同的空间分辨率,进行配准精度评价,其最大控制点配准误差为0.63 pixel.此外,还对时间跨度两个月覆盖月表同一区域的IIM图像数据从辐射精度、信息量和清晰度方面进行了评价.     

视觉导航下基于H2/H∞的航迹跟踪

为了从理论上研究视觉导航系统的特性,首先在物理上将视觉导航系统划分为传感器(摄像头、激光测距仪)和视觉处理计算机。针对视觉处理计算机,建立视觉位置测量模型。将视觉位置测量模型的不确定性分为参数不确定性和输入干扰2种。然后通过仿真详细分析了视觉位置估计针对不同模型不确定性的敏感程度。最后在引入视觉位置测量模型不确定性的基础上研究H₂/H_∞混合鲁棒控制在航迹跟踪上的应用,并给出了保证航迹控制系统稳定性和跟踪性能情况下的视觉位置测量模型摄动范围,对计算机视觉算法的研究具有一定的指导意义。