液体火箭发动机水击特性仿真及试验研究

建立了液体火箭发动机水击压力的模型,进行了数值仿真和试验对比分析,研究了影响液体火箭发动机水击压力的影响因素,讨论了发动机关机后推进剂管路的压力瞬变特性,从而验证了数值模拟的正确性。     

一类智能控制器及其在水浴箱控制中的应用

提出了一种智能控制新方法，其特点是控制决策不仅是直接控制作用输出，而且还包含了解析算法，改善了通常基于规则的智能控制器的稳态性能。实际应用于大型水浴箱的非线性温度控制系统取得了良好的效果。     

Radiometric estimation of water vapor content over Brazil

A multi-channel microwave radiometre (make: Radiometrics Corporation) is installed at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais–INPE, Brazil (22°S). The radiometric output of two channels of the radiometer in the form of brightness temperature at 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz, initially, were used to find out the ambient water vapor content and the non-precipitable cloud liquid water content. The necessary algorithm was developed for the purpose. The best results were obtained using the hinge frequency 23.834 GHz and 30 GHz pair having an r.m.s. error of only 2.64. The same methodology was then adopted exploiting 23.034 GHz and 30 GHz pair. In that case the r.m.s. error was 3.42. These results were then compared with those obtained over Kolkata (22°N), India, by using 22.234 GHz and 31.4 GHz radiometric data. This work conclusively suggests the use of a frequency should not be at the water vapor resonance line. Instead, while measuring the vapor content for separation of vapor and cloud liquid, one of them should be a few GHz left or right from the resonance line i.e., at 23.834 GHz and the other one should be around 30 GHz.     

低温镁/水反应特性及反应动力学研究

采用量气法研究了30～85℃范围内温度和催化剂对Mg/H<,2>O反应特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,低温条件下Mg/H<,2>O反应为一维扩散控制的反应,但反应速率和反应程度较低,温度升高有利于提高反应速率和反应程度.铵盐催化剂可加速Mg/H<,2>O反应,该类催化剂改变了Mg/H<,2>O反应的反应机理,使该反应的控...     

无线电波水下接收

无线电水下通信,已经成为一个人们关心的研究领域,分析了海面上地表波,垂直极化波和水平极化波三种电波,入射海水后水下传播的情况;电波水下的传播特性;导出了有利于水下接收的天线形式和水下天线的参数。     

空气循环制冷游离水与空气分离方法的探讨与研究

本文分析了空气循环制冷技术的原理以及技术应用于地面设备的特点，针对外界高温、高湿的大气条件下制冷过程中游离水与空气的分离问题给出了新的有效的解决办法。     

MBR技术在建筑中水回用中的应用

水资源作为重要的战略资源如何实现可持续是当今世界的主题，是人类赖以生存的基础。本研究以校园建筑废水为研究对象，利用MBR（膜生物反应器）技术对污水进行处理，实现建筑中水回用，提出工艺流程，并核算运行成本，中水回用的吨处理费用为0．83元，费用处于较低水平，该工艺在实际中水回用处理中，具有实际应用的意义。     

基于多模PPP-AR技术的大气水汽探测性能分析

精密单点定位（precise point positioning，PPP）反演大气可降水量（precipitable water vapor，PWV）具有精度高、实时性强等优点，能够在灾害监测、降雨预报及探测降水信息等方面发挥重要作用。为评估整周模糊度固定模式下PPP-AR（PPP ambiguity resolution）反演PWV的性能，选取全球范围16个MGEX站2022年4个时段的观测数据，采用最终精密星历解算，设置不同星座组合（GPS,BDS-3,GPS+BDS-3,GPS+GLO+GAL+BDS-3）获取对流层延迟（zenith total delay，ZTD）估值，并转换为PWV。从PPP-ZTD与IGS-ZTD的相关性、PPP-ZTD收敛时间、ZTD估值精度和PPP-PWV估值精度4个方面评价多模PPP-AR探测水汽的性能。结果表明，与单（G、C）、双系统（GC）固定解相比，多系统（GREC）固定解获取ZTD估值更加精确，相关系数更高。相较于单、双系统，多系统具有更快的收敛速度，收敛时间分别缩短了27%,25%和20%，多系统固定解与浮点解相比收敛时间缩短11%。此外，对GNSS PPP反演的PWV与探空站PWV（RS-PWV）进行对比，结果表明，WUH2站与HOB2站单、双、多系统固定解、多系统浮点解（float-GREC）的平均均方根误差分别为6.40 mm,6.48 mm,6.19 mm,6.17 mm,6.19 mm和5.82 mm,5.77 mm,5.72 mm,5.62 mm,5.70 mm。多模下得到的PWV估值精度最高，可为高精度的水汽反演提供支持。     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

Theoretical investigation on water/metal fuel ramjet motor-thermodynamic cycle and thermodynamic calculation

For achieving high-speed requirement of underwater vehicle,a conceptual engine,which utilizes the hydroreactive characteristic of several metals under supercavitation environment,has been put forward. Especially,in order to obtain specific impulse as great as possible,a dual water injection system is taken into account. Then thermodynamic cycle model,which lead the improvement of power plant and energy system,is introduced in detail,and thermal efficiency is also analyzed. Furthermore,for investigating the performance of this kind of engine system,detailed thermodynamic calculation and analysis are achieved. Especially,regarding hydroreactive metal fuel Mg/AP/HTPB as our target fuel-rich propellant,considering its obvious deficient oxygen property and the energy property of magnesium/water reaction,theoretical calculation method is established by integrating chemical non-equilibrium with chemical equilibrium. Accordingly,low limit of primary water/fuel ratio is determined. In addition,the qualitative and quantitative relationship of performance parameters,such as theoretical specific impulse,nozzle exit temperature,characteristic velocity,etc.,versus water/fuel ratio is investigated respectively.